Abstract
Several methods have been developed from time and time for ensuring the facile preparation of organic nanoparticles. The sizes of nanoparticles depend on several parameters, viz. amphiphilicity and molecular weight of the discrete organic molecules, the initial concentrations of organic molecule containing solutions, and the miscibility of organic solvents containing organic molecules with aqueous media. Basically, four important methods including self-assembly, polymerization, emulsification and nanoprecipitation/reprecipitation have been used for the preparation of FONs with diverse applications in analytical and biomedical sciences. Out of these techniques, nanoprecipitation is the simplest and the most widely used technique. This technique enables transformation of soluble organic molecules into nanoparticles in the aqueous media and later ensures their fast screening for various analytical and biomedical applications. In this chapter, attempts have been made to highlight the above four methods of the preparation of FONs. The discussion of these methods may help the readers in choosing their method for the preparation of new FONs with interesting properties.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Patra, A., Chandaluri, C.G., Radhakrishnan, T.: Optical materials based on molecular nanoparticles. Nanoscale 4(2), 343–359 (2012)
An, B.K., Kwon, S.K., Park, S.Y.: Photopatterned arrays of fluorescent organic nanoparticles. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46(12), 1978–1982 (2007)
Joralemon, M.J., McRae, S., Emrick, T.: PEGylated polymers for medicine: from conjugation to self-assembled systems. Chem. Commun. 46(9), 1377–1393 (2010)
Gaucher, G., Marchessault, R.H., Leroux, J.-C.: Polyester-based micelles and nanoparticles for the parenteral delivery of taxanes. J. Controlled Release 143(1), 2–12 (2010)
Su, J., Chen, J., Zeng, F., Chen, Q., Wu, S., Tong, Z.: Synthesis and photochromic property of nanoparticles with spiropyran moieties via one-step miniemulsion polymerization. Polym. Bull. 61(4), 425–434 (2008)
Chen, J., Zhang, P., Fang, G., Yi, P., Yu, X., Li, X., Zeng, F., Wu, S.: Synthesis and characterization of novel reversible photoswitchable fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles via one-step miniemulsion polymerization. J. Phys. Chem. B 115(13), 3354–3362 (2011)
Chen, J., Zeng, F., Wu, S., Su, J., Tong, Z.: Photoreversible fluorescent modulation of nanoparticles via one-step miniemulsion polymerization. Small 5(8), 970–978 (2009)
Wang, S., Kim, G., Lee, Y.-E.K., Hah, H.J., Ethirajan, M., Pandey, R.K., Kopelman, R.: Multifunctional biodegradable polyacrylamide nanocarriers for cancer theranostics—a “see and treat” strategy. ACS Nano 6(8), 6843–6851 (2012)
Chen, D., Sharma, S.K., Mudhoo, A.: Handbook on Applications of Ultrasound: Sonochemistry for Sustainability. CRC press, 2011
Kasai, H., Nalwa, H.S., Oikawa, H., Okada, S., Matsuda, H., Minami, N., Kakuta, A., Ono, K., Mukoh, A., Nakanishi, H.: A novel preparation method of organic microcrystals. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 31(8A), L1132 (1992)
Masuhara, H., Nakanishi, H., Sasaki, K.: Single Organic Nanoparticles. Springer Science & Business Media (2003)
RemziáBecer, C.: Synthetic polymeric nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation. J. Mater. Chem. 19(23), 3838–3840 (2009)
Jordan, A.N., Das, S., Siraj, N., de Rooy, S.L., Li, M., El-Zahab, B., Chandler, L., Baker, G.A., Warner, I.M.: Anion-controlled morphologies and spectral features of cyanine-based nanoGUMBOS—an improved photosensitizer. Nanoscale 4(16), 5031–5038 (2012)
Chang, C.-W., Bhongale, C.J., Lee, C.-S., Huang, W.-K., Hsu, C.-S., Diau, E.W.-G.: Relaxation dynamics and structural characterization of organic nanobelts with aggregation-induced emission. J. Phys. Chem. C 116(28), 15146–15154 (2012)
Bhardwaj, V.K., Sharma, H., Kaur, N., Singh, N.: Fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) of rhodamine-appended dipodal derivative: highly sensitive fluorescent sensor for the detection of Hg2+ in aqueous media. New J. Chem. 37(12), 4192–4198 (2013)
Wang, J., Xu, X., Shi, L., Li, L.: Fluorescent organic nanoparticles based on branched small molecule: preparation and ion detection in lithium-ion battery. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5(8), 3392–3400 (2013)
Zhao, L.R., Shen, P., Zhan, X.Q., Yan, M.X., Yang, C.Y.: A highly selective chemosensor probe for Ag+ in 50% THF/H2O. Adv. Mater. Res. 7–9 (2013) (Trans Tech Publ.)
Yan, H., Li, H.: Urea type of fluorescent organic nanoparticles with high specificity for HCO3− anions. Sens. Actuators B: Chem 148(1), 81–86 (2010)
Palayangoda, S.S., Cai, X., Adhikari, R.M., Neckers, D.C.: Carbazole-based donor-acceptor compounds: highly fluorescent organic nanoparticles. Org. Lett. 10(2), 281–284 (2008)
Parthasarathy, V., Fery-Forgues, S., Campioli, E., Recher, G., Terenziani, F., Blanchard-Desce, M.: Dipolar versus octupolar triphenylamine-based fluorescent organic nanoparticles as brilliant one-and two-photon emitters for (bio) imaging. Small 7(22), 3219–3229 (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wani, W.A., Shahid, M., Hussain, A., AlAjmi, M.F. (2018). Preparation of Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles. In: Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles. SpringerBriefs in Materials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2655-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2655-4_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-2654-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-2655-4
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)