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Metabolism and Toxicity of Organic Arsenic Compounds in Marine Organisms

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Abstract

The ingestion of finfish has been recommended as a preventive measure for lifestyle-related diseases, and marine algae are gaining attention as a source of dietary fiber and essential nutrients, including minerals. However, given the recognition of a potential for high arsenic levels in marine organisms, these dietary recommendations may have neglected the necessity of verifying the absence of health risk from the ingestion of arsenic in marine-derived foods. Under such circumstances, it is clear that the toxicological effects of both arsenosugars and arsenolipids, common in marine-derived materials, are important among organic arsenic (As) compounds. This includes the recent identification of thio-dimethylarsinic acid (thio-DMA) as an arsenosugar metabolite and the demonstration that it is more cytotoxic than even inorganic arsenic (III) which is considered highly toxic. Moreover, multiple studies have found arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHCs), a group of arsenolipids produced by marine organisms, are strong neurotoxins. Similar to thio-DMA, AsHCs are equally or more toxic than inorganic arsenic. Thus, future efforts need to elucidate the biological and toxic effects of organic As compounds by evaluating next-generation effects and brain dysfunction caused by genotoxicity. Although arsenobetaine (AB) is the organic As compound with the highest probability of ingestion, the conclusion that AB is a nontoxic arsenical seems probable.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP16K15382 to A.T. and JP17K15859 to Y.C.

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  1. Department of Preventive Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan

    Yang Cao, Ayako Takata, Toshiaki Hitomi & Hiroshi Yamauchi

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Correspondence to Yang Cao .

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  1. Department of Preventive Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan

    Hiroshi Yamauchi

  2. Research Center of Chronic Diseases and Environment, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China

    Guifan Sun

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Cao, Y., Takata, A., Hitomi, T., Yamauchi, H. (2019). Metabolism and Toxicity of Organic Arsenic Compounds in Marine Organisms. In: Yamauchi, H., Sun, G. (eds) Arsenic Contamination in Asia. Current Topics in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2565-6_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2565-6_7

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-2564-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-2565-6

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