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Maternal Exposure to Environmental Chemicals and Health Outcomes Later in Life

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Pre-emptive Medicine: Public Health Aspects of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

Abstract

The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) paradigm, which was first presented as the Barker hypothesis, has been widely accepted in a variety of medical disciplines, ranging from public health to internal medicine, nutritional sciences, gynecology, pediatrics, and environmental health. Prenatal exposure to industrial chemicals at low doses has been shown to have a critical window during gestation and induce abnormalities later in life following a definite latent period. Such exposure scenarios can now be considered as a critical component that may act as initiating or modifying factors for health and disease status later in life and support the DOHaD paradigm. Exogenous chemicals include methylmercury, pesticides (organophosphates and neonicotinoids), tobacco, polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins, and diethylstilbestrol, and their late-onset health outcomes include cancers and neurocognitive behavioral abnormalities. In order to understand the DOHaD paradigm, attention needs to be drawn to chemical exposure during the early life stages. Subtle alterations in developmental neurotoxicity that can only be detected by cutting-edge technology using a hypothesis-driven approach are discussed in the present study.

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Abbreviations

ADI:

Allowable daily intake

AhR:

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor

AVPV:

Anteroventral periventricular nucleus

BPA:

Bisphenol A

CPF:

Chlorpyrifos

DES:

Diethylstilbestrol

DL:

Dioxin-like

DOHaD:

Developmental origins of health and disease

EDCs:

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals

FOAD:

Fetal origins of adult disease

JECFA:

Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives

MPOA:

Medial preoptic area

nAChR:

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

PCB:

Polychlorinated biphenyl

PCDD:

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin

PCDF:

Polychlorinated dibenzofuran

TCDD:

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Health, Environment, Science, and Technology International Consulting, Tokyo, Japan

    Chiharu Tohyama

  2. Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

    Chiharu Tohyama

  3. The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Chiharu Tohyama

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  1. Chiharu Tohyama
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  1. Chuo University Health Center, Tokyo, Japan

    Fumihiro Sata

  2. Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

    Hideoki Fukuoka

  3. University of Southampton, Academic Unit of Human Development & Health, Southampton, UK

    Mark Hanson

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Tohyama, C. (2019). Maternal Exposure to Environmental Chemicals and Health Outcomes Later in Life. In: Sata, F., Fukuoka, H., Hanson, M. (eds) Pre-emptive Medicine: Public Health Aspects of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. Current Topics in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2194-8_1

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