Skip to main content

Participatory Communication and Extension for Indigenous Farmers: Empowering Local Paddy Rice Growers in East Java

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

It is understood that an effective communication approach might empower society, including the marginalized one. Nevertheless, for the sake of modernization, development agencies tend to administer a conventional top-down communication approach. This approach fails to stimulate capacities of marginal communities, causing social inequality. Therefore, this chapter demonstrates an experience of implementing an alternative approach, known as participatory communication with strong cultured-centered perspectives. A series of interactive extension or facilitation activities is described. The activities were aimed to conserve rare rice varieties and the unique farming practices in an indigenous community’s areas in the eastern region of Java Island. As a result, the farmers were more aware of the values of, and committed to conserve the endangered seed varieties and the related indigenous knowledge and practices; they were also willing to employ their indigenous institution as medium for information exchange regarding the farming system. Moreover, this project is relevant because the local public administration has been paying close attention to indigenous lifestyles for agro-eco tourism attractions recently. The project results suggest that the approach is appropriate to create social change at various levels. It is expected that our experiences will inspire readers to employ the strategic communication approach to empower marginalized communities as a way to achieve sustainable social change/development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alawiyah, F. M., & Cahyono, E. D. (2018). Persepsi petani terhadap introduksi inovasi agens hayati melalui kombinasi media demplot dan FFD. Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis, 2(1), 19–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Almekinders, C. J. M, Louwaars, N. P., & de Bruijn, G. H. (1994). Local seed system and their importance for an improved seed supply in developing countries. Euphytica, 78(3), 2007–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bentley, J. W., & Vasques, D. (1998). The seed potato system in Bolivia: Organisational growth and missing links. London: ODI. Retrieved from https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/5154.pdf

  • Bessette, G. & Rajasunderam, C. V. (Eds.) (1996). Participatory development communication: A West African agenda. Ottawa: IDRC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boon, K. F. (2009). A Critical history of change in agricultural extension and considerations for future policies and programs. (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Adelaide).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cahyono, E. D. (2007). Integrasi pengetahuan asli dalam revitalisasi pertanian dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani. PERHEPI Proceeding of the Konperensi Nasional Ke XV Perhimpunan Ekonomi Pertanian Indonesia. Central Java: Surakarta (pp. 71–77). Retrieved from http://karyailmiah.fp.ub.ac.id/fp/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Jurnal-Perhepi-EDC.pdf

  • Cahyono, E. D. (2014). Challenges facing extension agents in implementing the participatory extension approach in Indonesia: A case study of Malang Regency in the East Java Region. (Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University). Retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=osu1404402942&disposition=inline

  • Cahyono, E. D., & Agunga, R. (2016). Policy and practice of participatory extension in Indonesia: A case study of extension agents in Malang District, East Java Province. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education (JIAEE). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314299456

  • Coomes, O. T., McGuire, S. J., Garine, E., Caillon, S., McKey, D., Demeulenaere, E., … & Emperaire, L. (2015). Farmer seed networks make a limited contribution to agriculture? Four common misconceptions. Food Policy, 56, 41–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta, M. J., Ban, Z., & Pal, M. (2012). Engaging worldviews, cultures, and structures through dialogue: The culture-centred approach to public relations. Prism, 92(2). Retrieved from http://www.prismjournal.org/fileadmin/9_2/Dutta_Ban_Pal.pdf

  • Dyer, G. A., López-Feldman, A., Yúnez-Naude, A., & Taylor, J. E. (2014). Genetic erosion in maize’s center of origin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(39), 14094–14099

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FAO Expert Consultation on Communication for Rural Development. (2011). Communication for Development: Meeting today’s agriculture and rural development challenges. Rome, Italy: FAO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flora, C. (1992). Reconstructing Agriculture: The Case for Local Knowledge. Rural Sociology, 57(1), pp. 92–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fougère, M., & Harding, N. (2012). On the limits of that can be said about ‘innovation’: Interplay and contrasts between academic and policy discourses. In K. Sveiby, P. Gripenberg, & B. Segercrantz (Eds.), Challenging the innovation paradigm (pp. 15–36). New York; London: Routledge -Taylor & Francis Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, C.F., & Villet, J. (1994). Communication: A key to human development. FAO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freire, P. (2005). Education for critical consciousness. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garforth, Chris. (2001). Agricultural knowledge and information system in Hagaz, Eritrea. UK: International and Rural Development Department - The University of Reading.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grenier, L. (1998). Working with indigenous knowledge: A guide for researcher. Canada: International Development Research Centre. Ottawa, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haile, A., Verkuijl, H., Mwangi, W. M., & Yallew, A. (1998). Farmers’ wheat seed sources and seed management in the Enebssie area, Ethiopia. CIMMYT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Itin, C. M. (1999). Reasserting the philosophy of experiential education as a vehicle for change in the 21st century. The Journal of Experiential Education, 22(2), 91–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inggrida, J. A., Sukesi, K., & Cahyono, E. D. (2017). The role of communication in mount kelud eruption disaster management program (Case study in Ngantru Village, Ngantang District, Malang). HABITAT, 28(2), 46–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keller, G. B., Mndiga, H., & Maass, B. L. (2005). Diversity and genetic erosion of traditional vegetables in Tanzania from the farmer’s point of view. Plant Genetic Resources, 3(3), 400–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolb, D. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroma, M. M. (2006). Organic farmer networks: Facilitating learning and innovation for sustainable agriculture. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 28(4), 5–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurniasari, D.A., Cahyono, E.D., & Yuliati, Y. (2018). Cultural capital as support for development: A case traditional tourism village Samin. Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 6(3): 683–687. doi:https://doi.org/10.21276/sjahss.2018.6.3.29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laikre, L. (2010). Genetic diversity is overlooked in international conservation policy implementation. Conservation Genetics, 11(2), 349–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maarthen, N. M., Cahyono, E. D., & Wahyuni, T. (2006). Evaluasi hubungan peran organisasi non-pemerintah (Ornop) dengan lembaga penyuluhan dalam pengembangan pertanian organik. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial (Social Sciences), 18(1), 66–73. Retrieved from http://karyailmiah.fp.ub.ac.id/fp/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Jurnal-Ilmu-Sosial-Vol-18-No-1.pdf

  • MacBride, S. (1980). Many voices, one world. London: UNESCO – Kogan Page.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGuire, S., & Sperling, L. (2016). Seed systems smallholder farmers use. Food Security, 8(1), 179–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malahayatin, D. M., & Cahyono, E. D. (2017). Faktor kesesuaian dengan kebutuhan petani dalam keputusan adopsi inovasi pola tanam jajar legowo (Studi kasus petani padi di Kecamatan Widang, Kabupaten Tuban). Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis, 1(1), 56–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melkianus, P., Sugiyanto, Sukesi, K., & Cahyono, E. D. (2018). The role of actors in determining pattern of communication network of eucalyptus oil processor farmers (Case Study in Waisala District, West Seram Regency, Maluku Province). International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT), 7(2), 198–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Nair, K.S., & White, S,A. (1994). Participatory development communication as cultural renewal. In S.A. White, K.S. Nair, & J. Ascroft (Eds.), Participatory communication: Working for change and development (pp. 345–358). New Delhi-Thousand Oak-London: SAGE Publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ninth United Nations Communication for Development Roundtable. (2004). Communication for development roundtable report focus on sustainable development. Rome, Italy: FAO with the Government of Italy, UNESCO, World Bank, IDRC, CTA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noviyanti, & Cahyono, E. D. (2016, August). Persepsi dan tipe keputusan petani padi terhadap inovasi agen hayati di Madura. Proceeding of the Konferensi Nasional Penyuluhan dan Komunikasi Pembangunan. Malang: UB Hotel (pp. 284–292)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey, A., Bisht, I. S., Bhat, K. V., & Mehta, P. S. (2011). Role of informal seed system in promoting landrace diversity and their on-farm conservation: A case study of rice in Indian Himalayas. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 58(8), 1213–1224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Purnamaningsih, S. R., Cahyono, E. D., & Tyasmoro, S. Y. (2007). Studi persepsi tentang varitas dan eksplorasi manajemen benih padi lokal(Tahun I). Malang: Universitas Brawijaya.

    Google Scholar 

  • Purnamaningsih, S. R., Cahyono, E. D., & Tyasmoro, S. Y. (2008).Studi persepsi tentang varitas dan eksplorasi manajemen benih padi lokal(Tahun II). Malang: Universitas Brawijaya.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, R. D. (1993). The prosperous community. The American Prospect, 4(13), 35–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. In Culture and politics (pp. 223–234). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajasekaran, B. (1993). Indigenous technical practices in a rice-based farming system. Ames: Center for Indigenous Knowledge for Agriculture and Rural Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York, NY: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohrbach, D., & Kiala, D. (2000). Development options for local seed systems in Mozambique. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Po Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe..

    Google Scholar 

  • Saad, N., Sperling, L., & Ashby, J. A. (2009). Farmers and plant genetic resources. BIOTECHNOLOGY-Volume VIII: Fundamentals in Biotechnology, 8, 291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seboka, B., & Deressa, A. (1999). Validating farmers’ indigenous social networks for local seed supply in Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 6(4), 245–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Servaes, J., & Malikhao, P. (2005). Participatory communication: The new paradigm. Media & global change. Rethinking communication for development, 91–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shinta, A., & Cahyono, E.D. (2006). Eksplorasi pengetahuan asli (indigenous knowledge) petani dalam sistem pertanian padi berbasis benih lokal. Malang: LPPM Universitas Brawijaya.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siwalette, J. D., Hidayat, K., Cahyono, E. D., & Purnomo, M. (2018). Transformation of production organization of dusung based nutmeg plantation (Case study of industrial and farmers’ partnership in Hila Village, Moluccas Province). Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 5(3), 23–36. doi:https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.53.4248

  • Smith, L. T. (2013). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and indigenous peoples. Zed books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sperling, L., & McGuire, S. (2010). Understanding and strengthening informal seed markets. Experimental Agriculture, 46(2), 119–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Susilowati, S., & Cahyono, E.D. (2004). Evaluasi kesetaraaan jender dalam proses produksi dan pemasaran padi organik. Malang: Universitas Katolik Widya Karya.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swari, R. N. I., & Cahyono, E. D. (2016). Kearifan lokal petani tuban dan strategi komunikasi untuk melestarikan tradisi terkait vegetasi endemik BOGOR. Proceeding of the Konferensi NasionalPenyuluhan dan Komunikasi Pembangunan. Malang: UB Hotel (pp. 143–156)

    Google Scholar 

  • The Communication Initiative, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), & The World Bank. (2007). World congress on communication for development: Lessons, challenges, and the way forward. Washington, DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development /The World Bank

    Google Scholar 

  • Timsina, N. P., & Upreti, B. R. (2005). Loosing traditional seed management systems: A threat to small farmers’ food security in Nepal. University of Reading, International and Rural Development Department, Reading—King’s College London, School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, London, United Kingdom.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNDP. (1994). Communication: A key to human development. Rome: FAO. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/docrep/t1815e/t1815e00.htm

  • United Nations Development Programme. (2011). Communication for development: Strengthening the effectiveness of the United Nations. New York, NY; Oslo, Norway: Governance Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO. (1980). Communication and society today and tomorrow many voices one world: Towards a new more just and more efficient world information and communication order. Paris-London-New York. Retrieved from http://www.scribd.com/doc/52132938/Many-Voices-One-World-The-MacBride-Report-1980

  • UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization. (2007). Toward a common system approach: Achieving the Millennium Development Goals, Report of the 10th UN Inter-Agency Round Table on Communication for Development. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: UNESCO

    Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO. (2005). World report towards knowledge societies. Paris: UNESCO.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations. (1992). Convention on biological diversity. Retrieved from https://www.cbd.int/doc/l44egal/cbd-en.pdf

  • Vanclay, F., & Lawrence, G. (1995). The environmental imperative: Eco-social concerns for Australian agriculture. Rockhampton: Central Queensland University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Heerwaarden, J., Hellin, J., Visser, R. F., & Van Eeuwijk, F. A. (2009). Estimating maize genetic erosion in modernized smallholder agriculture. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 119(5), 875–888.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, S. A. (Ed.). (1999). The art of facilitating participation: Releasing the power of grassroots communication. New Delhi: Sage publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoon, C.S. (1996). Participatory Communication for Development. In Bessette, G. & Rajasunderam, C. V. (Eds.). Participatory development communication: A West African agenda (37–61). Ottawa: IDRC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoon, C. S. (2004). Participatory communication for development. Penang, Malaysia: Southbond. Retrieved from http://www.southbound.com.my/communication/parcom.htm

  • Zamora, O. B. (2000, April). Sustainable agriculture: The framework, misconceptions, myths and barriers to adoption. Proceeding of the seminar-workshop on development of curriculum on sustainable agriculture for Indonesia universities. Symposium conducted at Brawijaya University, Malang.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Cahyono, E.D. (2019). Participatory Communication and Extension for Indigenous Farmers: Empowering Local Paddy Rice Growers in East Java. In: Dutta, M.J., Zapata, D.B. (eds) Communicating for Social Change. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2005-7_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2005-7_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-2004-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-2005-7

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics