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Environmental Factors

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Functional Dyspepsia

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Abstract

The pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia is complex and impaired regulation of the gut–brain axis has been implicated. Although both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia, the latter plays a major part. Known environmental risk factors are early-life events, stress, gastrointestinal infections, Helicobacter pylori infection, antibiotic use, smoking, and ingestion of fatty foods. Dietary factors play a central role in the generation of symptoms in functional dyspepsia and specifically fatty foods trigger typical symptoms and this could be related to gastrointestinal hypersensitivities to distension and/or small-intestinal fat. Gut is physiologically responsive to stressful stimuli and chronic stress has been implicated as a risk factor for functional dyspepsia, likely through dysregulation of the gut–brain axis. Among stressful life events, childhood abuse history has been repeatedly shown to be associated with the development of functional dyspepsia. Although the studies concerning the relationship between other stressful life events and functional dyspepsia have been yielded conflicting results, there is agreement that patients with functional dyspepsia perceive life events as more stressful compared with healthy individuals. This chapter focuses on these environmental factors that may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of functional dyspepsia.

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  1. Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmasciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

    Hiroshi Takeda

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  1. Premier Developmental Research of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan

    Kazunari Tominaga

  2. Department of General Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan

    Hiroaki Kusunoki

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Takeda, H. (2018). Environmental Factors. In: Tominaga, K., Kusunoki, H. (eds) Functional Dyspepsia. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1074-4_3

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