Advertisement

Advanced Injectable Alternatives for Osteoarthritis

Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series (AEMB, volume 1077)

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common form of arthritis, which is characterized by progressive degradation of joint cartilage resulting in pain, joint stiffness, deformity and disability that is also recently related to an increased incidence of mortality. Inhibition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) production by chondrocytes and accumulation of catabolic mediators associated with matrix degradation are the cause of OA. Nonsurgical treatments for OA can be characterised as symptom-modifying or disease-modifying approaches. It’s estimated that 10% of the world population older than 60 years demonstrated symptoms of OA (Messier SP, Callahan LF, Beavers DP et al., BMC Musculoskelet Disord 18(1):91, 2017). A virtue of chondrocytes has a limited proliferation capability; nonsurgical OA therapies mostly include native cartilage extracellular component injections like hyaluronic acid, anti-inflammatory effected autologous cell implantations, platelet rich plasma injections and medicals like corticosteroids. Stem cells are searched to cure OA recently. Also nowadays we can develop injectable release systems, biocompatible hydrogels and micro/nano sized carriers to make these medicals more effective. In this review we cover injectable alternatives to modify the natural course of OA that gives a window for patients between conventional treatment methods and joint replacement surgery.

Keywords

Osteoarthritis Cartilage Chondrocytes Hyaluronan Glycosaminoglycan Chondroitin sulfate 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. 1.
    Akmal M, Singh A, Anand A, Kesani A, Aslam N, Goodship A, Bentley G (2005) The effects of hyaluronic acid on articular chondrocytes. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 8:1143–1149.  https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.87B8.15083 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Al-Najar M, Khalil H, Al-Ajlouni J, Al-Antary E, Hamdan M, Rahmeh R, Alhattab D, Samara O, Yasin M, Abdullah AA, Al-Jabbari E, Hmaid D, Jafar H, Awidi A (2017) Intra-articular injection of expanded autologous bone marrow mesenchymal cells in moderate and severe knee osteoarthritis is safe: a phase I/II study. J Orthop Surg Res 12(1):190.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-017-0689-6 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Alt EU, Senst C, Murthy SN, Slakey DP, Dupin CL, Chaffin AE, Kadowitz PJ, Izadpanah R (2012) Aging alters tissue resident mesenchymal stem cell properties. Stem Cell Res 8:215–225.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scr.2011.11.002 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Aydin O, Korkusuz F, Korkusuz P, Tezcaner A, Bilgic E, Yaprakci V, Keskin D (2014) In vitro and in vivo evaluation of doxycycline-chondroitin sulfate/PCLmicrospheres for intraarticular treatment of osteoarthritis. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater Aug 103(6):1238–1248.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.33303 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Ayhan E, Kesmezacar H, Akgun I (2014) Intraarticular injections (corticosteroid, hyaluronic acid, platelet rich plasma) for the knee osteoarthritis. World J Orthod 5(3):351–361.  https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v5.i3.351 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Bajpayee AG, Quadir MA, Hammond PT, Grodzinsky AJ (2016) Charge based intra-cartilage delivery of single dose dexamethasone using Avidin nano-carriers suppresses cytokine-induced catabolism long term. Osteoarthr Cartil 24(1):71–81.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2015.07.010 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Balazs EA, Denlinger JL (1989) Clinical uses of hyaluronan. Ciba Found Symp 143:265–275PubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Bannuru RR, Vaysbrot EE, Sullivan MC, McAlindon TE (2014) Relative efficacy of hyaluronic acid in comparison with NSAIDs for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 43(2014):593–599.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.10.002 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Bansal H, Comella K, Leon J, Verma P, Agrawal D, Koka P, Ichim T (2017) Intra-articular injection in the knee of adipose derived stromal cells (stromal vascular fraction) and platelet rich plasma for osteoarthritis. J Transl Med 15:141.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-017-1242-4 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Bastos R, Mathias M, Andrade R, Bastos R, Balduino A, Schott V, Rodeo S, Espregueira-Mendes J (2018) Intra-articular injections of expanded mesenchymal stem cells with and without addition of platelet-rich plasma are safe and effective for knee osteoarthritis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-018-4883-9 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Bijlsma JW, Berenbaum F, Lafeber FP (2011) Osteoarthritis: an update with relevance for clinical practice. Lancet 377:2115–2126.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60243-2 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Bruyere O, Altman RD, Reginster JY (2016) Efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate in the management of osteoarthritis: evidence from real-life setting trials and surveys. Semin Arthritis Rheum 45(4 Suppl):S12–S17.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2015.11.011. CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Centeno CJ, Schultz JR, Cheever M, Freeman M, Faulkner S, Robinson B, Hanson R (2011) Safety and complications reporting update on the re-implantation of culture-expanded mesenchymal stem cells using autologous platelet lysate technique. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 6:368–378 PMID: 22023622 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Chen CPC, Cheng CH, Hsu CC, Lin HC, Tsai YR, Chen JL (2017) The influence of platelet rich plasma on synovial fluid volumes, protein concentrations, and severity of pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Exp Gerontol 93:68–72.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2017 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Cheng NT, Guo A, Yp C (2016) Intra-articular injection of Torin 1 reduces degeneration of articular cartilage in a rabbit osteoarthritis model. Bone Joint Res 5:218–224.  https://doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.56.BJR2015-0001 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Clementi D, D’Ambrosi R, Bertocco P, Bucci MS, Cardiles C, Ragni P, Giaffreda G, Ragone V (2017) Efficacy of a single intra-articular injection of ultra-high molecular weight hyaluronic acid for hip osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled study. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-017-2083-9 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Concoff A, Sancheti P, Niazi F, Shaw P, Rosen J (2017) The efficacy of multiple versus single hyaluronic acid injections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 18(1):542.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-017-1897-2 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Conrozier T, Bozgan AM, Bossert M, Sondag M, Lohse-Walliser A, Balblanc JC (2016) Standardized follow-up of patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis treated with a single intra-articular injection of a combination of cross-linked hyaluronic acid and mannitol. Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord 2016(9):175–179.  https://doi.org/10.4137/CMAMD.S39432 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Creamer P (1999) Intra-articular corticosteroid treatment in osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 11: 417–421. PMID: 10503664 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Desando G, Cavallo C, Sartoni F, Martini L, Parrilli A, Veronesi F, Fini M, Giardino R, Facchini A, Grigolo B (2013) Intra-articular delivery of adipose derived stromal cells attenuates osteoarthritis progression in an experimental rabbit model. Arthritis Res Ther 15(1):R22.  https://doi.org/10.1186/ar4156 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Ding M, Danielsen CC, Hvid I (2005) Effects of hyaluronan on three-dimensional microarchitecture of subchondral bone tissues in Guinea pig primary osteoarthrosis. Bone 36:489–501.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2004.12.010 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Doria C, Mosele GR, Caggiari G, Puddu L, Ciurlia E (2017) Treatment of early hip osteoarthritis: ultrasound-guided platelet rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid injections in a randomized clinical trial. Joints 5(3):152–155.  https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1605584 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Echigo R, Mochizuki M, Nishimura R, Sasaki N (2006) Suppressive effect of hyaluronan on chondrocyte apoptosis in experiment induced acute osteoarthritis in dog. J Vet Med Sci 68(8):899–902CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Ehrenfest D, Rasmusson L, Albrektsson T (2009) Classification of platelet concentrates: from pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) to leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF). Trend Biotechnol 27(3):158–167. PMID: 19187989Google Scholar
  25. 25.
    Elsawy SA, Hamdy M, Ahmed MS (2017) Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid for treatment of osteoarthritis knee: comparative study to intra-articular corticosteroids. Egypt Rheumatol Rehabil 44:143–146.  https://doi.org/10.4103/err.err_55_16 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Emadedin M, Ghorbani Liastani M, Fazeli R, Mohseni F, Moghadasali R, Mardpour S, Hosseini SE, Niknejadi M, Moeininia F, Aghahossein Fanni A, Baghban Eslaminejhad R, Vosough Dizaji A, Labibzadeh N, Mirazimi Bafghi A, Baharvand H, Aghdami N (2015) Long-term follow-up of intra-articular injection of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in patients with knee, ankle, or hip osteoarthritis. Arch Iran Med 18(6):336–344 015186/AIM.003Google Scholar
  27. 27.
    Fawzy RM, Hashaad NI, Mansour AI (2017) Decrease of serum biomarker of type II collagen degradation (Coll2-1) by intra-articular injection of an autologous plasma-rich-platelet in patients with unilateral primary knee osteoarthritis. Eur J Rheumatol 4:93–97.  https://doi.org/10.5152/eurjrheum.2017.160076 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Fennema EM, Renard AJ, Leusink A, van Blitterswijk CA, de Boer J (2009) The effect of bone marrow aspiration strategy on the yield and quality of human mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Orthop 80:618–621.  https://doi.org/10.3109/17453670903278241 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Forogh B, Mianehsaz E, Shoaee S, Ahadi T, Raissi GR, Sajadi S (2015) Effect of single injection of platelet-rich plasma in comparison with corticosteroid on knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 56(7–8):901–908PubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Gobbi A, Lad D, Karnatzikos G (2015) The effects of repeated intra-articular PRP injections on clinical outcomes of early osteoarthritis of the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 23(8):2170–2177.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-014-2987-4 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    Goldring MB (2000) The role of the chondrocyte in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 43(9):1916–1926.  https://doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(200009)43:9<1916::AID-ANR2>3.0.CO;2-I CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Gormeli G, Gormeli CA, Ataoglu B, Colak C, Aslanturk O, Ertem K (2017) Multiple PRP injections are more effective than single injections and hyaluronic acid in knees with early osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 25(3):958–965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-015-3705-6 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    Gu X, Li C, Yin F, Yang G (2017) Adipose-derived stem cells in articular cartilage regeneration: current concepts and optimization strategies. Histol Histopathol 15:11955.  https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-11-955 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. 34.
    Hermeto LC, DeRossi R, Oliveira RJ, Pesarini JR, Antoniolli-Silva AC, Jardim PH, Santana AE, Deffune E, Rinaldi JC, Justulin LA (2016) Effects of intra-articular injection of mesenchymal stem cells associated with platelet-rich plasma in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis. Genet Mol Res 2(3):15.  https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr.15038569 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    Hernigou P, Desroches A, Queinnec S, Flouzat Lachaniette CH, Poignard A, Allain J, Chevallier N, Rouard H (2014) Morbidity of graft harvesting versus bone marrow aspiration in cell regenerative therapy. Int Orthop 38:1855–1860.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-014-2318-x CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. 36.
    Huang PH, Wang CJ, Chou WY, Wang JW, Ko JY (2017) Short-term clinical results of intra-articular PRP injections for early osteoarthritis of the knee. Int J Surg 42:117–122.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.04.067 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  37. 37.
    Hunter DJ, Neogi T, Hochberg MC (2011) Quality of osteoarthritis management and the need for reform in the US. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 63(1):31–38.  https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.20278 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. 38.
    Hurtig MB, Shive MS, Kapoor M, Grizot S, Mohamed NN, Foster Roberts G, Marshall W (2016) Intra-articular injection of a polymer/celecoxib formulation for long-term control of postoperative inflammation. Osteoarthr Cartil 24(1):S526–S527.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2016.01.962 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. 39.
    Ishijima M, Nakamura T, Shimizu K, Hayashi K, Kikuchi H, Soen S, Omori G, Yamashita T, Uchio Y, Chiba J, Ideno Y, Kubota M, Kurosawa H, Kaneko K (2014) Intra-articular hyaluronic acid injection versus oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a multi-center, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial. Arthritis Res Ther 16(1):1.  https://doi.org/10.1186/ar4446 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. 40.
    Jackson CG, Plaasza AH, Sandyz JD, Huax C, Kim-Rolandsx S, Barnhillk JG, Harrisk CL, Cleggy DO (2010) The human pharmacokinetics of oral ingestion of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate taken separately or in combination. Osteoarthr Cartil 18(3):297–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2009.10.013 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. 41.
    Jerosch J (2011) Effects of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate on cartilage metabolism in OA: outlook on other nutrient partners especially omega-3 fatty acids. Int J Rheumatol 2011:969012.  https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/969012 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  42. 42.
    Jo CH, Lee YG, Shin WH, Kim H, Chai JW, Jeong EC, Kim JE, Shim H, Shin JS, Shin IS, Ra JC, Oh S, Yoon KS (2014) Intra-articular injection of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a proof-of-concept clinical trial. Stem Cells 32:1254–1266.  https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.1634 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  43. 43.
    Johnstone B, Yoo JU (1999) Autologous mesenchymal progenitor cells in articular cartilage repair. Clin Orthop Relat Res 367:S156–S162CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. 44.
    Kadam R, Agrawal A, Chhallani A, Pandhre S, Gupta A, Sawant R (2017) To assess the effects of platelet rich plasma application on pain in osteoarthritis knee. Int J Res Orthop 3(3):436–439.  https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.IntJResOrthop20171005 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. 45.
    Kahan A, Uebelhart D, De Vathaire F, Delmas PD, Reginster JY (2009) Long-term effects of chondroitins 4 and 6 sulfate on knee osteoarthritis: the study on osteoarthritis progression prevention, a two-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 60(2):524–533.  https://doi.org/10.1002/art.24255 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  46. 46.
    Kandel L, Dolev Y, Rivkind G, Liebergall M, Mattan Y, Barenholz Y, Shimonov R, Chevalier X (2014) Safety and efficacy of MM-II, an intra-articular injection of liposomes, in moderate knee osteoarthritis. Prospective randomized double-blinded study. Osteoarthr Cartil 22:S193.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2014.02.367 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. 47.
    Karatay S, Kiziltunc A, Yildirim K, Karanfil RC, Senel K (2004) Effects of different hyaluronic acid products on synovial fluid levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in knee osteoarthritis. Ann Clin Lab Sci 34(3):330–335 PMID: 15487709PubMedGoogle Scholar
  48. 48.
    Kavas A, Cagatay ST, Banerjee S, Keskin D, Tezcaner A (2013) Potential of Raloxifene in reversing osteoarthritis-like alterations in rat chondrocytes: an in vitro model study. J Biosci 38:135–147.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-012-9282-7 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  49. 49.
    Kilincoglu V, Yeter A, Servet E, Kangal M, Yildirim M (2015) Short term results comparison of intraarticular platelet-rich plasma (prp) and hyaluronic acid (ha) applications in early stage of knee osteoarthritis. Int J Clin Exp Med 8(10):18807–18812. ISSN:1940–5901/IJCEM0009103Google Scholar
  50. 50.
    Kim CH, Lee BJ, Yoon J, Seo KM, Lee JW, Choi ES, Hong JJ, Lee YS, Park JH (2001) Therapeutic effect of hyaluronic acid on experimental osteoarthrosis of ovine temporomandibular joint. J Vet Med Sci;63(10):1083–9. PMID: 11714023 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. 51.
    Kim YS, Choi YJ, Suh DS, Heo DB, Kim YI, Ryu JS, Koh YG (2015) Mesenchymal stem cell implantation in osteoarthritic knees: is fibrin glue effective as a scaffold? Am J Sports Med 43(1):176–185.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546514554190 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  52. 52.
    Koh YG, Choi YJ, Kwon OR, Kim YS (2014) Second-look arthroscopic evaluation of cartilage lesions after mesenchymal stem cell implantation in osteoarthritic knees. Am J Sports Med 42:1628–1637.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546514529641 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  53. 53.
    Kubomura D, Ueno T, Yamada M, Tomonaga A, Nagaoka I (2017) Effect of N-acetylglucosamine administration on cartilage metabolism and safety in healthy subjects without symptoms of arthritis: a case report. Exp Ther Med 13(4):1614–1621.  https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4140 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  54. 54.
    Kuroda R, Ishida K, Matsumoto T (2007) Treatment of a full-thickness articular cartilage defect in the femoral condyle of an athlete with autologous bone-marrow stromal cells. Osteoarthritis Cartil Feb 15(2):226–231.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2006.08.008 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  55. 55.
    Lamo-Espinoza JM, Mora G, Blanco JF, Granero-Molto F, Nunez-Cordoba JM, Sanchez-Echenique C, Bondia JM, Aquerreta JD, Andreu EJ, Ornilla E, Villaron EM, Valenti-Azcarate A, Sanchez-Guijo F, del Canizo MC, Valenti-Nin JR, Prosper F (2016) Intra-articular injection of two different doses of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells versus hyaluronic acid in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial (phase I/II). J Transl Med 14(1):246.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-016-0998-2 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  56. 56.
    Leach JB, Schmidt CE (2004) Hyaluronan. Encyclopedia of biomaterials and biomedical engineering. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 779–789Google Scholar
  57. 57.
    Liu PF, Guo L, Zhao DW, Zhang ZJ, Kang K, Zhu RP, Yuan XL (2014) Study of human acellular amniotic membrane loading bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in repair of articular cartilage defect in rabbits. Genet Mol Res 13(3):7992–8001.  https://doi.org/10.4238/2014 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  58. 58.
    Maumus M, Manferdini C, Toupet K, Peyrafitte JA, Ferreira R, Facchini A, Gabusi E, Bourin P, Jorgensen C, Lisignoli G, Noël D (2013) Adipose mesenchymal stem cells protect chondrocytes from degeneration associated with osteoarthritis. Stem Cell Res 11:834–844.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scr.2013.05.008 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  59. 59.
    McAlindon TE, LaValley HWF, Price LL, Driban JB, Zhang M, Ward RJ (2017) Effect of intra-articular triamcinolone vs saline on knee cartilage volume and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 317(19):1967–1975.  https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.5283 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  60. 60.
    Messier SP, Callahan LF, Beavers DP et al (2017) Weight-loss and exercise for communities with arthritis in North Carolina (we-can):design and rationale of a pragmatic, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 18(1):91 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-017-1441-4
  61. 61.
    Moreland LW (2003) Intra-articular hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) and hylans for the treatment of osteoarthritis: mechanisms of action. Arthritis Res Ther 5:54–67.  https://doi.org/10.1186/ar623 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  62. 62.
    Murphy L, Schwartz TA, Helmick CG, Renner JB, Tudor G, Koch G, Dragomir A, Kalsbeek WD, Luta G, Jordan JM (2008) Lifetime risk of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 59(9):1207–1213.  https://doi.org/10.1002/art.24021 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  63. 63.
    Murphy LB, Helmick CG, Schwartz TA, Renner JB, Tudor G, Koch GG, Dragomir AD, Kalsbeek WD, Luta G, Jordan JM (2010) One in four people may develop symptomatic hip osteoarthritis in his or her lifetime. Osteoarthr Cartil 18(11):1372–1379.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2010.08.005 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  64. 64.
    Naito K, Watari T, Furuhata A, Yomogida S, Sakamoto K, Kurosawa H, Kaneko K, Nagaoka I (2010) Evaluation of the effect of glucosamine on an experimental rat osteoarthritis model. Life Sci 86(13–14):538–543.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2010.02.015 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  65. 65.
    Naraoka Y, Harada H, Katagiri M, Yamamura H, Shirasawa T (2017) N-acetyl glucosamine and proteoglycan containing supplement improves the locomotor functions of subjects with knee pain. Drug Discov Ther 11(3):140–145.  https://doi.org/10.5582/ddt.2017.01019 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  66. 66.
    Necas J, Bartosikova L, Brauner P, Kolar J (2008) Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan): a review. Vet Med 53(8):397–411CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  67. 67.
    Neo H, Ishimaru JI, Kurita K, Goss AN (1997) The effect of hyaluronic acid on experimental temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis in the sheep. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 55:1114–1119.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-2391(97)90293-7 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  68. 68.
    Ohtori S, Orita S, Yamauchi K, Eguchi Y, Ochiai N, Kishida S, Kuniyoshi K, Aoki Y, Nakamura J, Ishikawa T, Miyagi M, Kamoda H, Suzuki M, Kubota G, Sakuma Y, Oikawa Y, Inage K, Sainoh T, Sato J, Shiga Y, Abe K, Fujimoto K, Kanamoto H, Toyone T, Inoue G, Takahashi K (2015) Efficacy of direct injection of etanercept into knee joints for pain in moderate and severe knee osteoarthritis. Yonsei Med J 56(5):1379–1383.  https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2015.56.5.1379 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  69. 69.
    Ornetti P, Nourissat G, Berenbaum F, Sellam J, Richette P, Chevalier X (2016) Does platelet-rich plasma have a role in the treatment of osteoarthritis? Joint Bone Spine 83(1):31–36.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbspin.2015.05.002 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  70. 70.
    Ostergaard M, Halberg P (1998) Intra-articular corticosteroids in arthritic disease: a guide to treatment. BioDrugs 9:95–103. PMID: 18020548 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  71. 71.
    Patel S, Dhillon MS, Aggarwal S, Marhawa N, Jain A (2013) Treatment with platelet-rich plasma is more effective than placebo for knee osteoarthritis a prospective, double-blind, randomized trial. Am J Sports Med 41(2):356–364.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546512471299 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  72. 72.
    Persiani S, Rotini R, Trisolino G, Rovati LC, Locatelli M, Paganini D, Antonioli D, Roda A (2007) Synovial and plasma glucosamine concentrations in osteoarthritic patients following oral crystalline glucosamine sulphate at therapeutic dose. Osteoarthr Cartil 15:764–772.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2007.01.019 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  73. 73.
    Raeissadat SA, Babaee M, Rayegani SM, Hashemi Z, Hamidieh AA, Mojgani P, Vanda HF (2017) An overview of platelet products (PRP, PRGF, PRF, etc.) in the Iranian studies. Future Sci OA 3(4):FSO231.  https://doi.org/10.4155/fsoa-2017-0045 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  74. 74.
    Rodriguez-Merchan EC (2013) Intraarticular injections of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis. Arch Bone Joint Surg 1(1):5–8 http://abjs.mums.ac.ir PubMedGoogle Scholar
  75. 75.
    Roth A, Mollenhauer J, Wagner A, Fuhrmann R, Straub A, Venbrocks RA, Petrow P, Brauer R, Schubert H, Ozegowski J, Peschel G, Muller PJ (2005) Intra-articular injections of high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid have biphasic effects on joint inflammation and destruction in rat antigen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 7:677–686.  https://doi.org/10.1186/ar1725 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  76. 76.
    Santilli V, Paoloni M, Mangone M, Alviti F, Bernetti A (2016) Hyaluronic acid in the management of osteoarthritis: injection therapies innovations. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab 13(2):131–134.  https://doi.org/10.11138/ccmbm/2016.13.2.131 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  77. 77.
    Shen L, Yuan T, Chen S, Xie X, Zhang C (2017) The temporal effect of platelet-rich plasma on pain and physical function in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Orthop Surg Res 12:16.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-017-0521-3 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  78. 78.
    Singh A, Goel SC, Gupta KK, Kumar M, Arun GR, Patil H, Kumaraswamy V, Jha S (2014) The role of stem cells in osteoarthritis. Bone Joint Res 3:32–37.  https://doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.32.2000187 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  79. 79.
    Smolina L, Khimion L (2016) Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in osteoarthritis treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 75:838.  https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.1630 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  80. 80.
    Tammachote N, Kanitnate S, Yakumpor T, Panichkul P (2016) Intra-articular, single-shot Hylan G-F 20 hyaluronic acid injection compared with corticosteroid in knee osteoarthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 98:885–892.  https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.15.00544 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  81. 81.
    Tomonaga A, Fukagawa M, Ikeda H, Hori T, Ohkawara M, Nagaoka I (2016) Evaluation of the effect of the administering of an N-acetyl-glucosamine-containing green tea supplement on biomarkers for cartilage metabolism in healthy individuals without symptoms of arthritis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study. Funct Foods Health Dis 6(12):788–808.  https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3480 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  82. 82.
    Vasiliadis HS, Tsikopoulos K (2017) Glucosamine and chondroitin for the treatment of osteoarthritis. World J Orthop 8:1–11.  https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v8.i1.1 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  83. 83.
    Vonk LA, van Dooremalen SFJ, Liv N, Klumperman J, Coffer PJ, Saris DBF, Lorenwicz MJ (2018) Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote human cartilage regeneration in vitro. Theranostics 8(4):906–920.  https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.20746 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  84. 84.
    Wakitani S, Imoto K, Yamamoto T (2002) Human autologous culture expanded bone marrow mesenchymal cell transplantation for repair of cartilage defects in osteoarthritic knees. Osteoarthr Cartil 2002;10:199–206.  https://doi.org/10.1053/joca.2001.0504 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  85. 85.
    Yao H, Xue J, Wang Q, Xie R, Li W, Liu S, Cai J, Qin D, Wang DA, Ren L (2017) Glucosamine-modified polyethylene glycol hydrogel-mediated chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 1(79):661–670.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.043 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  86. 86.
    Yin XF, Wang LL, Chu XC (2017) A novel chondroitin sulfate decorated nano platinum for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 78:452–456.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.028 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  87. 87.
    Yokota N, Yamakawa M, Shirata T, Kimura T, Kaneshima H (2017) Clinical results following intra-articular injection of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Regen Ther 6:108–112.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reth.2017.04.002 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Graduate School of Science and EngineeringHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
  2. 2.Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
  3. 3.Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesAnkara Yildirim Beyazit UniversityAnkaraTurkey
  4. 4.Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of MedicineHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
  5. 5.Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of MedicineHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey

Personalised recommendations

Cite chapter

Buy options