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Membrane Phospholipid Biosynthesis in Bacteria

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Abstract

Phospholipids constitute a major and essential part of biomembranes and provide mechanical support for membrane proteins. As well, they participate in important cellular activities by interacting with membrane proteins and regulating their functions. In the past decades, enzymes responsible for phospholipid synthesis have been largely identified, purified and characterized, mostly using Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis as the model systems. Ever-increasing genome sequencing projects revealed similar enzymes in other microorganisms, as well as new enzymes and pathways for lipids that are traditionally regarded as eukaryotic lipids such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol. Enzymes involved in the phospholipid biosynthesis pathway are mostly associated with the membrane, either peripherally or as an integral part. Structural biology for the pathway had been lacking for these hydrophobic enzymes but are catching up owing to recent technological advances in the membrane protein structural biology field. Here, the biosynthesis pathway of bacterial phospholipids, starting from glycerol 3-phosphate, is summarized. Architecture of the enzymes and mechanisms for substrate binding and catalysis are also illustrated for those whose structural information are available.

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Acknowledgment

The work is supported by the 1000 Young Talent Program, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570748 and U1632127), the CAS-Shanghai Science Research Center (CAS-SSRC-YJ-2015-02) and Key Program of CAS Frontier Science (QYZDB-SSW-SMC037).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Science Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

    Yannan Tang, Hao Xia & Dianfan Li

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  1. Yannan Tang
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  2. Hao Xia
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  3. Dianfan Li
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Correspondence to Dianfan Li .

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  1. Institute of Precision Medicine, The Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

    Yu Cao

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Tang, Y., Xia, H., Li, D. (2018). Membrane Phospholipid Biosynthesis in Bacteria. In: Cao, Y. (eds) Advances in Membrane Proteins. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0532-0_4

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