Skip to main content

Conflict

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Conflicts are ubiquitous in cities. Contemporary urban conflicts have been noted for their radical discontent. In the city, many of these conflicts are also spatial in nature and can revolve around differences of interest, recognition, and values. Because these conflicts cannot fester indefinitely without doing permanent damage to civic solidarity, some kind of conflict resolution is required. However, how one elects to resolve a conflict is an ethical choice. And this specific choice also has its corresponding moral consequences. In this chapter, consensus building and the ethical compromise are discussed as plausible options for conflict resolution. For the former, the focus is on the roles and impacts of collaborative dialogues, and for the latter, emphasis is given to the distinction between the integrative and the distributive compromise.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Appiah, K. A. (2006). Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a world of strangers. New York: W. W. Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aragaki, H. N. (2009). Deliberative democracy as dispute resolution? Conflicts, interests and reasons. Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution, 24(3), 407–480.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aristotle. (2005). Nicomachean ethics. New York: Barnes & Noble Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Axelrod, R. (1984). The evolution of cooperation. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baird-Remba, R. (2017, July 19). Community gardens fight against developers and the city for survival. Commercial Observer. Retrieved from https://commercialobserver.com/2017/07/nyc-community-gardens-fight-developers-for-survival/.

  • Benhabib, S. (1991). Afterword: Communicative ethics and current controversies in practical philosophy (pp. 330–369). Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, M. (1990). Splitting the difference: Compromise and integrity in ethics and politics. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berlin, I. (2002). The power of ideas. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berlin, I. (2003). Freedom and its betrayal: Six enemies of human liberty. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Besson, S. (2005). The morality of conflict: Reasonable agreement and the law. Oxford: Hart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boulding, K. E. (1963). Conflict and defense: A general theory. New York: Harper Torchbooks.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyle, M. R. (1992). The development-environment interface: Confrontation or compromise? Economic Development Review, 10(3), 3–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carens, J. H. (1979). Compromise in politics. In J. R. Pennock & J. W. Chapman (Eds.), Compromise in ethics, law, and politics (pp. 123–141). New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caro, T., Dobson, A., Marshall, A. J., & Peres, C. A. (2014). Compromise solutions between conservation and road building in the tropics. Current Biology, 24(16), R722–R725.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, J. K. H., & Protzen, J. P. (2018). Between conflict and consensus: Searching for an ethical compromise in planning. Planning Theory, 17(2), 170–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J. R. (2004). The ethics of respect in negotiation. In C. Menkel-Meadow & M. Wheeler (Eds.), What’s fair: Ethics for negotiators (pp. 257–263). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahrendorf, R. (2008). The modern social conflict: The politics of liberty. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R., Ury, W., & Patton, B. (1991). Getting to yes: Negotiating agreement without giving in (2nd ed.). New York: Penguin Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flyvbjerg, B. (2002). Bringing power to planning research: One researcher’s praxis story. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 21(4), 353–366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flyvbjerg, B., & Richardson, T. (2002). Planning and Foucault: In search of the dark side of planning theory. In P. Allmendinger & M. Tewdwr-Jones (Eds.), Planning futures: New directions for planning theory (pp. 44–62). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Follett, M. P. (1973). Constructive conflict. In E. M. Fox & L. Urwick (Eds.), Dynamic administration: The collected papers of Mary Parker Follett (pp. 1–20). London: Pitman Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forester, J. (1999). The deliberative practitioner: Encouraging participatory planning processes. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golding, M. P. (1979). The nature of compromise: A preliminary inquiry. In J. R. Pennock & J. W. Chapman (Eds.), Compromise in ethics, law, and politics (pp. 3–25). New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodin, R. E. (1982). Political theory and public policy. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodin, R. E. (2012). On settling. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gualini, E. (2015). Mediating Stuttgart 21: The struggle for reconstructing local democracy between agonistic and deliberative practices. In E. Gualini (Ed.), Planning and conflict: Critical perspectives on contentious urban developments (pp. 185–211). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, J. (1991). Discourse ethics: Notes on a program of philosophical justification. In S. Benhabib & F. Dallmayr (Eds.), The communicative ethics controversy (pp. 60–110). Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hösle, V. (2004). Morals and politics. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howe, E., & Kaufman, J. (1979). The ethics of contemporary American planners. Journal of the American Planning Association, 45(3), 243–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Innes, J. E. (2004). Consensus building: Clarifications for the critics. Planning Theory, 3(1), 5–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Innes, J. E., & Booher, D. E. (2010). Planning with complexity: An introduction to collaborative rationality for public policy. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Innes, J. E., & Booher, D. E. (2015). A turning point for planning theory? Overcoming dividing discourses. Planning Theory, 14(2), 195–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuflik, A. (1979). Morality and compromise. The nature of compromise: A preliminary inquiry. In J. R. Pennock & J. W. Chapman (Eds.), Compromise in ethics, law, and politics (pp. 38–65). New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewicki, R. J., & Gray, B. (2003). Introduction. In R. J. Lewicki, B. Gray, & M. Elliott (Eds.), Making sense of intractable environmental conflicts: Frames and cases (pp. 1–9). Washington, DC: Island Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Margalit, A. (2010). On compromise and rotten compromises. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menkel-Meadow, C. (2006). The ethics of compromise. In A. K. Schneider & C. Honeyman (Eds.), The Negotiator’s Fieldbook (pp. 155–164). Washington, DC: American Bar Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mouffe, C. (2013). Agonistics: Thinking the world politically. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nachi, M. (2004). The morality in/of compromise: Some theoretical reflections. Social Science Information, 43(2), 291–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Novy, J., & Peters, D. (2012). Railway station mega-projects as public controversies: The case of Stuttgart 21. Built Environment, 37(3), 128–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, G. (2012). Move your city: Ethics, place and risk in the reconstruction of New Orleans. The International Journal of the Constructed Environment, 2(1), 23–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pascchi, C., & Pasqui, G. (2015). Urban planning without conflicts? Observations on the nature and conditions for urban contestation in the case of Milan. In E. Gualini (Ed.), Planning and conflict: Critical perspectives on contentious urban developments (pp. 79–98). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pucci, P. (2015). Large infrastructures and conflicts: Searching for “boundary objects”—Reflections from Italian experiences. In E. Gualini (Ed.), Planning and conflict: Critical perspectives on contentious urban developments (pp. 238–258). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rittel, H. W. J., & Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Science, 4(2), 155–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sassen, S. (2017). Beyond differences of race, religion, class: Making urban subjects. In M. Mostafavi (Ed.), Ethics of the urban: The city and the spaces of the political (pp. 35–46). Zurich: Lars Muller Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schelling, T. C. (1971). The strategy of conflict. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlosberg, D. (2004). Reconceiving environmental justice: Global movements and political theories. Environmental Politics, 13(3), 517–540.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlosberg, D. (2007). Defining environmental justice: Theories, movements, and nature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Schmelzkopf, K. (2002). Incommensurability, land use, and the right to space: Community gardens in New York City. Urban Geography, 23(4), 323–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sennett, R. (1973). The uses of disorder: Personal identity and city life. London: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Susskind, L. E., & Cruikshank, J. (1987). Breaking the impasse: Consensual approaches to resolving public disputes. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • van de Poel, I. (1998). Changing technologies: A comparative study of eight processes of transformation of technological regimes (Proefschrift). Enschede: Twente University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • van de Poel, I. (2015). Conflicting values in design for values. In J. van den Hoven, P. E. Vermaas, & I. van de Poel (Eds.), Handbook of ethics, values, and technological design: Sources, theory, values and application domains (pp. 89–116). New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Chan, J.K.H. (2019). Conflict. In: Urban Ethics in the Anthropocene. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0308-1_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics