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Legumes for Soil Health and Sustainable Management pp 511–539Cite as

Grain Legumes: Impact on Soil Health and Agroecosystem

Abstract

Legumes are one of the richest sources of proteins, minerals, and fibers for animals and human being. They also have a great role in maintaining soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Legumes help in solubilizing insoluble phosphorus (P) in soil, improving the soil physical environment, and increasing soil microbial activity and also have smothering effect on weed. Due to these positive roles in improving soil health and excellent adaptability to marginal environment, legumes are now considered as one of the important components of a cropping system. To reduce poverty, hunger, malnutrition, and environmental degradation, legume crop can be a substitute for cereal crop in marginal lands. Rediscoveries in genetics and genomics now open up new opportunities for improving productivity and quality in grain legume research. The carryover of nitrogen (N) derived from legume grain either in crop senescence or in intercropping system for succeeding crop is important. The necessitate of the interdisciplinary study on grain legumes to address their important role on soil health. Thus, the maximum beneficial effect in modern agriculture as the optimization of fertilizer N use is an essential not only to maintain and restore soil organic carbon (SOC) but also to minimize the nitrate pollution from agricultural source.

Keywords

  • Grain legumes
  • Nitrogen yield
  • Protein yield
  • Biological nitrogen fixation

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Abbreviations

AM:

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

BNF:

Biological nitrogen fixation

CED:

Chronic energy deficiency

ISFM:

Integrated soil fertility management practices

PEM:

Protein energy malnutrition

PGPR:

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

SMB:

Soil microbial biomass

SOC:

Soil organic carbon

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, India

    Nirmali Gogoi & Kushal Kumar Baruah

  2. Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (BHU), Varanasi, UP, India

    Ram Swaroop Meena

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  1. Nirmali Gogoi
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  2. Kushal Kumar Baruah
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  1. Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (BHU), Varanasi, UP, India

    Dr. Ram Swaroop Meena

  2. Division of Crop Production, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India

    Dr. Anup Das

  3. Division of Crop Production, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Lembucherra, India

    Dr. Gulab Singh Yadav

  4. Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, SENR/FAES, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Prof. Rattan Lal

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Gogoi, N., Baruah, K.K., Meena, R.S. (2018). Grain Legumes: Impact on Soil Health and Agroecosystem. In: Meena, R., Das, A., Yadav, G., Lal, R. (eds) Legumes for Soil Health and Sustainable Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0253-4_16

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