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Urban Chinese Daughters pp 21–64Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

Framing the Issues Through Historical Context

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Abstract

This chapter frames the research through background and context. A review of the literature explores the ageing Asian demographic and explains how industrialisation, modernisation, urbanisation and Westernisation have contributed to changing filial norms throughout Asia and specifically in Hong Kong, Singapore and mainland China, where the research for this book was carried out. The contemporary restructuring of the Chinese family is investigated, with emphasis on the changing roles and status of Chinese daughters. Caregiving and caregiver burden are briefly scrutinised before concluding with a discussion of domestic helpers and long-term care facilities.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Interestingly, marriages between Hong Kong and mainland couples have been on the rise recently and the marriage rate has also been growing in Hong Kong.

  2. 2.

    Statistics for Muslim women in Singapore are administered under the Administration of Muslin Law Act. Their median age at first marriage in 2015 was 26.4.

  3. 3.

    Most of the available data on mainland China comes from its 2010 population census.

  4. 4.

    The People’s Daily is the official newspaper of the Chinese government and the most widely circulated paper in China.

  5. 5.

    Hukou is a household registration system that in many respects binds Chinese citizens to the place they were born, and separates rural from urban workers in terms of the government benefits they are entitled to. The system is changing slowly.

  6. 6.

    Beijing has a similar structure: 90-6-4.

  7. 7.

    ADLs are activities of daily living; IADLs are instrumental activities of daily living.

  8. 8.

    Interestingly, about 13% of the mainland caregivers are men, as opposed to 1% in Hong Kong.

  9. 9.

    These are the most recent available statistics. Neither Singapore nor Hong Kong provides demographic information on foreign domestic helpers anymore.

  10. 10.

    They are currently unregulated in mainland China.

  11. 11.

    Although, there is some question of whether this is a ‘Face’ issue, with parents not wanting to bring shame on themselves or their children (Zhan et al. 2006).

  12. 12.

    This change appears to have been made. Under the Singapore Maintenance of Parent Act, ‘If an aged parent resides with you, you or your organisation may also apply to the Tribunal for an order for payment from one or more of his children to defray the cost of maintaining the aged parent. However, you or your organisation must obtain approval from the Minister for Social and Family Development before applying to the Tribunal’.

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O’Neill, P. (2018). Framing the Issues Through Historical Context. In: Urban Chinese Daughters. St Antony's Series. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8699-1_2

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