Abstract
Urban risks to hazards pose serious challenges to disaster governance in Manipur. Hazards are not new to the state; however, increasing population growth in the Imphal urban valley, particularly in the Imphal West district, and the lack of planned urban development, along with the inability of the state to institutionalize effective disaster risk reduction, have aggravated the effects of hazards such as floods, earthquakes in the urban areas. Urban risk not only presents a wider social, economic and environmental challenge but also affects inclusive development.
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Notes
- 1.
Imphal urban agglomeration comprises of the 27 ward areas of the Imphal West and East district, the outgrowth towns of Bijoigovinda, Kongkham Leikai (Part), Langthabal Kunja, Langthabal Mantrikhong (Part), Naorem Leikai, Oinam Thingel, Porompat Plan Area, census towns of Chingangbam Leikai, Khongman, Khurai Sajor Leikai, Kiyamgei, Laipham Siphai, Lairikyengbam Leikai, Lamjaotongba, Langjing, Naoria Pakhanglakpa, Porompat, Sagolband (Part), Takyel Mapal, Thongju, Torban (Kshetri Leikai) and the nagar panchayats of Lamshang (Core Town), Lilong (Imphal West-Core Town) and Lilong (Thoubal).
- 2.
In the hill districts, urbanization has been relatively slow. In 2001, except for the hill district of Chandel with an urban population of 12.64%, all other hill districts were predominantly rural. In fact, in the other four hill districts, there was no urban populace, and there was no urban demarcation. It is only in the 2011 Census that some form of urban growth has been registered in all the five hill districts; Senapati—2.10%, Churachandpur—6.40%, Chandel—11.74%, Tamenglong—11.22% and Ukhrul with 14.32%. In contrast, the urban growth in the other two valley districts of Thoubal—35.48% and Bishnupur—36.73% is rapidly increasing.
- 3.
Majorkhul Fire Tragedy: Five hurt; 13 houses, 3 shops destroyed. Hueiyen News Service, Imphal June 24, 2014.
- 4.
‘Need to inculcate preventive culture to mitigate problems caused by disaster’. Source The Sangai Express/DIPR. Imphal July 29, 2016.
- 5.
Of which two severe earthquakes measuring 7.25 Mw and 7.2 Mw struck the area of Southern Manipur near Moirang on 1 July 1957, and on 6 August 1988 along the Indo-Myanmar Border region, respectively.
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Yambem, S. (2018). Urban Risks to Hazards: A Study of the Imphal Urban Area. In: Singh, A., Punia, M., Haran, N., Singh, T. (eds) Development and Disaster Management. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8485-0_23
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8485-0_23
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