Abstract
The aim of the present study is to find out the feasibility of two non-edible oil seeds as a feedstock to produce fuel and value added products using thermochemical conversion technique. Mahua (Madhuca longifolia), and Neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds were characterized based on their characteristics. Kinetic analysis was carried out by using Horowitz and Metzger models. TGA confirmed that maximum degradation occurred in second stage (150–430 °C). Higher calorific value was observed 22.19 MJ kg−1 and 26.88 MJ kg−1 for Mahua and Neem respectively. Further both seed contain higher volatile matter and negligible sulfur content. All the above physicochemical characterization confirmed that these seeds have the potential to produce fuels and chemicals. Kinetic analysis confirmed that the extractive free seeds required higher activation energy to initiate reaction compared to raw seeds. Thermal pyrolysis of both seeds were carried out in a semi-batch reactor at optimized conditions (450 ± 10 °C temperature, 80 °C min−1 heating rate and 80 mL min−1 N2 flow rate). The yield of pyrolytic liquid was found to be 34.50 and 56.65 wt% for Neem and Mahua seeds respectively. It was found that oil obtained have higher viscosity as well as calorific value which indicated their use as boiler fuel. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of valuable chemicals in pyrolytic liquid which may be further purified to obtain pure chemicals. The results of this work is encouraging and affirmed that both these seeds can be excellent renewable resources to produce fuels and chemicals using pyrolysis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Rosillo-Calle F, Woods J (2012) The biomass assessment handbook: bioenergy for a sustainable environment. Earthscan
Kumar A, Kumar N, Baredar P, Shukla A (2015) A review on biomass energy resources, potential, conversion and policy in India. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 45:530–539
Bridgwater A, Kommission GWE (1996) Thermal biomass conversion and utilization: biomass information system. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities Luxembourg
Hall D, Rao K (1999) Photosynthesis. Studies in biology, 6th edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Faaij APC, Schlamadinger B, Solantausta Y, Wagener M (2002) Large scale international bio-energy trade proceed. In: 12th European conference and technology exhibition on biomass for energy, industry and climate change protection, Amsterdam
Demirbas A (2009) Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels. Energy Convers Manage 50(1):14–34
Singh R, Shadangi K (2011) Liquid fuel from castor seeds by pyrolysis. Fuel 90(7):2538–2544
Sinha R, Kumar S, Singh R (2013) Production of biofuel and biochar by thermal pyrolysis of linseed seed. Biomass Convers Biorefinery 3(4):327–335
Koul M, Shadangi KP, Mohanty K (2014) Thermo-chemical conversion of Kusum seed: a possible route to produce alternate fuel and chemicals. J Anal Appl Pyrol 110:291–296
Shadangi KP, Mohanty K (2014) Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of Karanja seed to produce liquid fuel. Fuel 115:434–442
Garg R, Anand N, Kumar D (2016) Pyrolysis of babool seeds (Acacia nilotica) in a fixed bed reactor and bio-oil characterization. Renew Energy 96:167–171
Bringi NV (1987) Non-traditional oilseeds and oils in India. Oxford and IBH Pub. Co
Shebani A, Van Reenen A, Meincken M (2009) The effect of wood extractives on the thermal stability of different wood-LLDPE composites. Thermochim Acta 481(1):52–56
Naik S, Goud VV, Rout PK, Jacobson K, Dalai AK (2010) Characterization of Canadian biomass for alternative renewable biofuel. Renew Energy 35(8):1624–1631
Obernberger I, Thek G (2004) Physical characterisation and chemical composition of densified biomass fuels with regard to their combustion behaviour. Biomass Bioenergy 27(6):653–669
Horowitz HH, Metzger G (1963) A new analysis of thermogravimetric traces. Anal Chem 35(10):1464–1468
Ahmad MS, Mehmood MA, Al Ayed OS, Ye G, Luo H, Ibrahim M, Rashid U, Nehdi IA, Qadir G (2017) Kinetic analyses and pyrolytic behavior of Para grass (Urochloa mutica) for its bioenergy potential. Bioresour Technol 224:708–713
Fang H, Young D, Nesie S (2008) Elemental sulfur corrosion of mild steel at high concentrations of sodium chloride. In: Proceedings of the 17th international corrosion congress, Las Vegas, NV, USA, pp 6–10
Sait HH, Hussain A, Salema AA, Ani FN (2012) Pyrolysis and combustion kinetics of date palm biomass using thermogravimetric analysis. Bioresour Technol 118:382–389
Ceylan S, Topçu Y (2014) Pyrolysis kinetics of hazelnut husk using thermogravimetric analysis. Bioresour Technol 156:182–188
McKendry P (2002) Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass. Bioresour Technol 83(1):37–46
Chandrasekaran A, Ramachandran S, Subbiah S (2017) Determination of kinetic parameters in the pyrolysis operation and thermal behavior of Prosopis juliflora using thermogravimetric analysis. Bioresour Technol 233:413–422
Doshi P, Srivastava G, Pathak G, Dikshit M (2014) Physicochemical and thermal characterization of nonedible oilseed residual waste as sustainable solid biofuel. Waste Manage 34(10):1836–1846
Sasmal S, Goud VV, Mohanty K (2012) Characterization of biomasses available in the region of North-East India for production of biofuels. Biomass Bioenergy 45:212–220
Mothé CG, de Miranda IC (2009) Characterization of sugarcane and coconut fibers by thermal analysis and FTIR. J Thermal Anal Calorim 97(2):661
Greenhalf C, Nowakowski D, Bridgwater A, Titiloye J, Yates N, Riche A, Shield I (2012) Thermochemical characterisation of straws and high yielding perennial grasses. Ind Crops Prod 36(1):449–459
Guo J, Lua A (2000) Kinetic study on pyrolysis of extracted oil palm fiber. Isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. J Thermal Anal Calorim 59(3):763–774
Shadangi KP, Mohanty K (2014) Production and characterization of pyrolytic oil by catalytic pyrolysis of Niger seed. Fuel 126:109–115
Shadangi KP, Mohanty K (2014) Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of Karanja seed to produce liquid fuel. Fuel 115:434–442
Onay O, Kockar OM (2003) Slow, fast and flash pyrolysis of rapeseed. Renew Energy 28(15):2417–2433
Demiral İ, Ayan EA (2011) Pyrolysis of grape bagasse: effect of pyrolysis conditions on the product yields and characterization of the liquid product. Bioresour Technol 102(4):3946–3951
Nayan NK, Kumar S, Singh R (2013) Production of the liquid fuel by thermal pyrolysis of neem seed. Fuel 103:437–443
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mishra, R.K., Mohanty, K. (2018). Mahua and Neem Seeds as Sustainable Renewable Resources Towards Producing Clean Fuel and Chemicals. In: De, S., Bandyopadhyay, S., Assadi, M., Mukherjee, D. (eds) Sustainable Energy Technology and Policies. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8393-8_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8393-8_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-8392-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-8393-8
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)