Abstract
Real-Time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) has started to develop among Global Positioning System (GPS) community due to some reasons, such as reference stations are required, very economical and easy to operate from everywhere. By using a dual-frequency receiver with the support from GPS precise products, RT-PPP has proven to give centimetre to decimeter positioning accuracy. Recently, the position can be obtained in real time using the real-time GPS precise products provided by many national geodetic agencies. Current real-time GPS positioning systems also allow accurate positioning by carrier phase-based double differencing approach. However, the limitation of using the differential approach is the process needs simultaneous data collection from common satellites at the reference station and the rover. Directly, the data acquisition process will become more difficult and this will decrease the suitability of this technique in other potential applications. The aim of this research is to analyse the current performance of RT-PPP technique using Hemisphere Atlas for positioning and mapping. This research also assessed the positioning accuracy between RT-PPP and static GPS techniques. Then, the reliability of RT-PPP for cadastral purposes is also evaluated. Methodologically, RT-PPP used Hemisphere Atlas, which is a dual-frequency receiver for position determination by processing raw pseudorange and carrier phase observations with the support from precise GPS orbit and clock information. The results of this research show that the coordinate for both positioning and mapping purposes using Hemisphere Atlas are within centimetre-level accuracy, i.e. below 10 cm for positioning and below 30 cm for cadastral purposes. Therefore, this study anticipates that RT-PPP has the potential to offer better operational flexibility that will guide for the full implementation of this technology particularly in surveying and mapping in the future.
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Acknowledgements
Siti Aisah Ibrahim from AV Tech Resources is acknowledged for providing the Hemisphere Atlas instrument for RT-PPP data collection. We are grateful to the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) for funding this project under the FRGS Fund, Vote Number R.J130000.7827.4F706. The authors also would like to thank our fellow researchers and friends who helped a lot to complete this research. Lastly, the authors would like to thank all the readers for their advice and ideas to improve this paper.
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Ramachandran, D., Din, A.H.M., Ibrahim, S.A., Omar, A.H. (2019). Real-Time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) for Positioning and Mapping. In: Pradhan, B. (eds) GCEC 2017. GCEC 2017. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering , vol 9. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8016-6_64
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8016-6_64
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