Abstract
In modern technological world, digital manipulation of images and video data has become very common. It is required to bring out some mechanism to protect copyright and authentication of digital data. In this work, a new blind digital watermarking algorithm is proposed for protecting copyright of digital images. In this work, embedding process is carried out in spatial domain by modifying luminance components of cover images. The cover image is divided into many blocks of size 8 × 8, and its correlation values are used as key in selecting blocks for inserting watermark. The image to be watermarked is called host image, and it could be in color or grayscale format. The secret data to be inserted is called watermark, and it is considered to be in monochrome format of size 32 × 32 bytes. This paper shows a novel approach in inserting a watermark in spatial domain. The obtained results show the efficiency of the proposed approach, and it could be classified as fragile watermarking.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Barni, M., Bartolini, F., Cappellini, V., & Piva, A. (1998). A DCT-domain system for robust image watermarking. Signal processing, 66(3), 357–372.
Nikolaidis, N., & Pitas, I. (1998). Robust image watermarking in the spatial domain. Signal processing, 66(3), 385–403.
Kutter, M., & Petitcolas, F. A. (1999, April). Fair benchmark for image watermarking systems. In Electronic Imaging’99 (pp. 226–239). International Society for Optics and Photonics.
Karybali, I. G., & Berberidis, K. (2006). Efficient spatial image watermarking via new perceptual masking and blind detection schemes. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and security, 1(2), 256–274.
Lin, P. L. (2000). Robust transparent image watermarking system with spatial mechanisms. Journal of systems and software, 50(2), 107–116.
Jun, L., & LiZhi, L. (2008, December). An improved watermarking detect algorithm for color image in spatial domain. In Future BioMedical Information Engineering, 2008. FBIE’08. International Seminar on (pp. 95–99). IEEE.
Murch, G. M. (1984). Physiological principles for the effective use of color. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 4(11), 48–55.
Lin, E. T., Podilchuk, C. I., & Delp III, E. J. (2000, May). Detection of image alterations using semifragile watermarks. In Electronic Imaging (pp. 152–163). International Society for Optics and Photonics.
Megalingam, R. K., Nair, M. M., Srikumar, R., Balasubramanian, V. K., & Sarma, V. S. V. (2010, February). Performance comparison of novel, robust spatial domain digital image watermarking with the conventional frequency domain watermarking techniques. In Signal Acquisition and Processing, 2010. ICSAP’10. International Conference on (pp. 349–353). IEEE.
Sun, J., Yang, N., Liu, J., Yang, X., Li, X., & Zhang, L. (2010, July). Video watermarking scheme based on spatial relationship of DCT coefficients. In Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA), 2010 8th World Congress on (pp. 56–59). IEEE.
Meerwald, P., & Uhl, A. (2001, August). Survey of wavelet-domain watermarking algorithms. In Photonics West 2001-Electronic Imaging (pp. 505–516). International Society for Optics and Photonics.
Hajisami, A., Rahmati, A., & Babaie-Zadeh, M. (2011, March). Watermarking based on independent component analysis in spatial domain. In Computer Modelling and Simulation (UKSim), 2011 UkSim 13th International Conference on (pp. 299–303). IEEE.
Singh, A. K., Sharma, N., Dave, M., & Mohan, A. (2012, December). A novel technique for digital image watermarking in spatial domain. In Parallel Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC), 2012 2nd IEEE International Conference on (pp. 497–501). IEEE.
Shih, F. Y., & Wu, S. Y. (2003). Combinational image watermarking in the spatial and frequency domains. Pattern Recognition, 36(4), 969–975.
Lee Rodgers, J., & Nicewander, W. A. (1988). Thirteen ways to look at the correlation coefficient. The American Statistician, 42(1), 59–66.
Mukaka, M. M. (2012). A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research. Malawi Medical Journal, 24(3), 69–71.
Allemang, R. J., & Brown, D. L. (1982, November). A correlation coefficient for modal vector analysis. In Proceedings of the 1st international modal analysis conference (Vol. 1, pp. 110–116). SEM, Orlando.
Fleiss, J. L., & Cohen, J. (1973). The equivalence of weighted kappa and the intraclass correlation coefficient as measures of reliability. Educational and psychological measurement, 33(3), 613–6 http://file.scirp.org/Html/22029.html.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Parekh, M., Bidani, S., Santhi, V. (2018). Spatial Domain Blind Watermarking for Digital Images. In: Pattnaik, P., Rautaray, S., Das, H., Nayak, J. (eds) Progress in Computing, Analytics and Networking. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 710. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7871-2_50
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7871-2_50
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-7870-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-7871-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)