Abstract
The paper manufacturing process has several stages—raw material preparation and handling , pulp manufacturing, pulp washing and screening , chemical recovery , bleaching , stock preparation and papermaking . Paper production is basically a two-step process in which a fibrous raw material is first converted into pulp, and then the pulp is converted into paper. The harvested wood is first processed so that the fibers are separated from the unusable fraction of the wood , the lignin . Pulp making can be done mechanically or chemically. The pulp is then bleached and further processed, depending on the type and grade of paper that is to be produced. In the paper factory, the pulp is dried and pressed to produce paper sheets. Post-use, an increasing fraction of paper and paper products is recycled. Non-recycled paper is either landfilled or incinerated.
Keywords
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Adams TN (1992) Lime reburning. In: Kocurek MJ (ed) Pulp and paper manufacture, vol 5, 3rd edn. Joint Committee of TAPPI and CPPA, Atlanta, p 590
Arpalahti O, Engdahl H, Jantti J, Kiiskila E, Liiri O, Pekkinen J, Puumalainen R, Sankala H, Vehmaan-Kreula J (2000) Chapter 14: White liquor preparation. In: Gullichsen J, Paulapuro H (eds) Papermaking science and technology book 6B, Fapet Oy, p 135
Arppe M (2001) Mechanical pulp: has it got a future or will it be discontinued? Int Papwirtsch 10(2001):45–50
Atkins J (2005) The forming section: beyond the fourdrinier. Solutions!, pp 28–30
Bajpai P (2004) Emerging technologies in sizing. PIRA International, U.K., 159 pp
Bajpai P (2005) Technological developments in refining. PIRA International, U.K., p 140
Bajpai P (2008) Chemical recovery in pulp and paper making. PIRA International, U.K., 166 pages
Bajpai P (2012) Environmentally benign approaches for pulp bleaching, 2nd edn. Elsevier, BV, Amsterdam
Bajpai P (2013) Recycling and deinking of recovered paper. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam
Bajpai P (2015) Green chemistry and sustainability in pulp and paper industry. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 258 pages
Baker C (2000) Refining technology. In: Leatherhead BC (ed) PIRA International, UK, 197 pp
Baker CF (2005) Advances in the practicalities of refining. In: Scientific and technical advances in refining and mechanical pulping, 8th PIRA international refining conference, PIRA International, Barcelona, Spain (28 Feb–Mar 2005)
Biermann CJ (1996) Handbook of pulping and papermaking, 2nd edn. Academic Press, San Diego
Buck RJ (2006) Fourdrinier: principles and practices. In: 2006 TAPPI papermakers conference, Atlanta, GA, USA, 24–28 Apr 2006, Session 15, 13 pp
Casey JP (1983a) Chemical pulping: a perspective. Tappi J 66(1):155–156
Casey JP (1983b) Mechanical and chemi-mechanical pulping: a perspective. Tappi J 66(6):95–96
Davison RW (1992) Internal sizing. In: Hagemeyer RW, Manson DW (eds) Pulp and paper manufacture, vol 6. Joint Text Book Committee of TAPPI and CPPA, p 39
EPA (2001a) Pulp and paper combustion sources national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants: a plain english description. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-456/R-01-003. Sept 2001. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/pulp/chapters1-6pdf.zip
EPA (2001b) Pulping and bleaching system NESHAP for the pulp and paper industry: a plain english description. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-456/R-01-002. Sept 2001. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/pulp/guidance.pdf
EPA (2002) Profile of the pulp and paper industry, 2nd edn. EPA Office of Compliance Sector Notebook Project. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA/310-R-02-002. Nov 2002
Farr JP, Smith WL, Steichen DS (1992) Bleaching agents (survey). In: Grayson M (ed) Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology, vol 4, 4th edn. Wiley, New York, p 271
Fredette MC (1996). Pulp bleaching: principles and practice. In: Dence CW, Reeve DW (eds) Bleaching chemicals: chlorine dioxide (Section 2, Chapter 2). Tappi Press, Atlanta, p 59
Gullichsen J (2000) Fibre line operations. In: Gullichsen J, Fogelholm C-J (eds) Chemical pulping—papermaking science and technology. Fapet Oy, Helsinki, Finland, Book 6A, p A19
Hodgson KT (1997) Overview of sizing. Tappi Sizing Short Course, Session 1, Nashville, TN (Apr 14–16, 1997)
Holik H (2006) Stock preparation. In: Sixta H (ed) Handbook of paper and board. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA, pp 150–206
Ince PJ (2004) Pulping—fibre resources. In: Burley J, Evans J, Youngquist JA (eds) Encyclopedia of forest sciences. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 877–883
Ishiguro K (1987) Paper machine. Jpn Tappi 41(10):44–50
Krogerus B (2007) Chapter 3: Papermaking additives. In: R Alen (ed) Papermaking chemistry: papermaking science and technology book 4, 2nd edn, pp 54–121. Finnish Paper Engineers’ Association, Helsinki, Finland, 255 pp
Krotscheck AW (2006) In: Sixta H (ed) Handbook of pulp. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA, pp 512–605
Ljokkoi R (2000) Pulp screening applications. In: Gullichsen J, Fogelholm C-J (eds) Papermaking science and technology, vol 6A. Chemical Pulping, Fapet Oy, Helsinki, A603–A616
Lumiainen J (2000) Chapter 4: Refining of chemical pulp. In: Papermaking science and technology, papermaking part 1: stock preparation and wet end, vol 8, p 86. Fapet Oy, Helsinki, Finland
Lund A (1999) The paper machine 200 years Nord. Pappershistorisk Tidskr 27(2):9–16
Malashenko A, Karlsson M (2000) Twin wire forming—an overview. In: 86th annual meeting, Montreal, Que, Canada, 1–3 Feb 2000, Preprints A, pp A189–A201
McDonough T (1992) Bleaching agents (pulp and paper). In: Grayson M (ed) Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology, vol 4. Wiley, New York, p 301
McDonough TJ (1995) Recent advances in bleached chemical pulp manufacturing technology. Part 1: extended delignification, oxygen delignification, enzyme applications, and ECF and TCF bleaching. Tappi J 78(3):55–62
Neimo L (2000) Internal sizing of paper. In: Neimo L (ed) Papermaking chemistry. Tappi Press, Fapet Oy, Helsinki, Finland, p 150
Paulapuro H (2000) Stock and water systems of the paper machine. In: Gullichsen J, Fogelholm C-J (eds) Papermaking part 1: Stock preparation and wet end—papermaking science and technology, Fapet Oy, Helsinki, Finland, Book 8, p. 125
Rapson WH, Strumila GB (1979) The bleaching of pulp. In: Singh RP (ed) Chlorine dioxide bleaching, 3rd edn. Tappi Press, p 113
Reeve DW (1989) Bleaching chemicals. In: Kocurek MJ (ed) Pulp and Paper manufacture, alkaline pulping, joint textbook committee of the paper industry, vol 5. Tappi, Atlanta Georgia, p 425
Reeve DW (1996a) Introduction to the principles and practice of pulp bleaching. In: Dence CW, Reeve DW (eds) Pulp bleaching: principles and practice. Tappi Press, Atlanta, p 1, Section 1, Chapter 1
Reeve DW (1996b) Pulp bleaching: principles and practice. In: Dence CW, Reeve DW (eds) Chlorine dioxide in bleaching stages. Tappi Press, Atlanta, Section 4, Chapter 8, p. 379
Reeve DW (2002) The Kraft recovery cycle. Tappi Kraft Recovery Operations Short Course, Tappi Press
Ressel JB (2006) In: Sixta H (ed) Handbook of pulp. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA, pp 69–105
Roberts JC (1996) Neutral and alkaline sizing. In: Roberts JC (ed) Paper chemistry, 2nd edn. Chapman and Hall, London, UK, p 140
Roberts JC (1997) A review of advances in internal sizing of paper. In: Baker CF (ed) The fundamentals of paper making materials, transactions, 11th fundamental research symposium (Cambridge), vol 1, p 209
Sixta H (2006) In: Sixta H (ed) Handbook of pulp. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA, p 2–19
Smook GA (1992) Handbook for pulp and paper technologists. Joint textbook committee of the paper industry of the United States and Canada, 425p
Stevens WV (1992) Refining. In: Kocurek MJ (ed) Pulp and paper manufacture, vol 6, 3rd edn. Joint Committee of TAPPI and CPPA, Atlanta, p 187 (1992)
Tran H (2007) Advances in the Kraft chemical recovery process. Source 3rd ICEP international colloquium on eucalyptus pulp, 4–7 Mar, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 7 pp
Vakkilainen EK (2000) Chapter 1: Chemical recovery. In: Gullichsen J, Paulapuro H (eds) Papermaking science and technology book 6B, Fapet Oy, p 7
Venkatesh V (1992) Chapter 8: Lime reburning. In: Greenand RP, Hough G (eds) Chemical recovery in the alkaline pulping process 6B. Tappi Press, p 153
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bajpai, P. (2018). Brief Description of the Pulp and Papermaking Process. In: Biotechnology for Pulp and Paper Processing. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7853-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7853-8_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-7852-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-7853-8
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)