Abstract
Context-aware applications are becoming increasingly popular as they can adapt their behaviors to situations. However, the modeling of context-aware requirements is challenging owing to the inherent complexity and dynamicity of the context. Therefore, learning from existing studies can help academia and industry overcome the challenges. The primary objectives of this study are as follows: (1) survey the state-of-the-art of context-aware requirements modeling; (2) determine the challenges in context-aware requirements modeling and the extent to which the challenges have been addressed; (3) explore the future research directions of context-aware requirements modeling. We adopt the method of systematic literature review to retrieve relevant studies and extract available data aimed at the objectives. Seventy-two studies are finally selected. After data synthesis, we identify 4 categories of 13 challenges in context-aware requirements modeling. Based on the findings, we analyze the extent to which the challenges have been addressed and suggest future research directions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Sutcliffe, A., Sawyer, P.: Modeling personalized adaptive systems. In: Salinesi, C., Norrie, M.C., Pastor, Ó. (eds.) CAiSE 2013. LNCS, vol. 7908, pp. 178–192. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38709-8_12
Frece, A., Juric, M.B.: Modeling functional requirements for configurable content-and context-aware dynamic service selection in business process models. J. Vis. Lang. Comput. 23(4), 223–247 (2012)
Choi, J.: Context-driven requirements analysis. In: Gervasi, O., Gavrilova, M.L. (eds.) ICCSA 2007, Part III. LNCS, vol. 4707, pp. 739–748. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74484-9_63
Staples, M., Niazi, M.: Experiences using systematic review guidelines. J. Syst. Softw. 80(9), 1425–1437 (2007)
Lisboa, L.B., Garcia, V.C., Lucrédio, D., et al.: A systematic review of domain analysis tools. Inf. Softw. Technol. 52(1), 1–13 (2010)
Kitchenham, B.A., Charters, S.: Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering (version 2.3). Technical report, EBSE Technical Report EBSE-2007-01, Keele University and Durham University (2007)
Dyba, T., Dingsoyr, T., Hanssen, G.K.: Applying systematic reviews to diverse study types: an experience report. In: Proceeding of the first international symposium on empirical software engineering and measurement(ESEM), pp. 225–234 (2007)
Wohlin, C.: Guidelines for snowballing in systematic literature studies and a replication in software engineering. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering, p. 38. ACM (2014)
Zimmermann, A., Lorenz, A., Oppermann, R.: An operational definition of context. In: Kokinov, B., Richardson, D.C., Roth-Berghofer, T.R., Vieu, L. (eds.) CONTEXT 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4635, pp. 558–571. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74255-5_42
Bettini, C., Brdiczka, O., Henricksen, K., et al.: A survey of context modelling and reasoning techniques. Pervasive Mob. Comput. 6(2), 161–180 (2010)
Hong, J., Suh, E., Kim, S.J.: Context-aware systems: a literature review and classification. Expert Syst. Appl. 36(4), 8509–8522 (2009)
Peng, R., Lai, H.: DRE-specific wikis for distributed requirements engineering: a review. In: 2012 19th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC), vol. 1, pp. 116–126. IEEE (2012)
Khan, H.H., bin Mahrin, M.N.: Situational requirement engineering: a systematic literature review protocol. In: 2013 IEEE Conference on Open Systems (ICOS), pp. 123–126. IEEE (2013)
Yang, Z., Li, Z., Jin, Z., Chen, Y.: A systematic literature review of requirements modeling and analysis for self-adaptive systems. In: Salinesi, C., van de Weerd, I. (eds.) REFSQ 2014. LNCS, vol. 8396, pp. 55–71. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05843-6_5
Boudaa, B.: Towards a model-driven requirements specification of context-aware services. In: 2014 Tenth International Conference on Signal-Image Technology and Internet-Based Systems (SITIS), pp. 194–200. IEEE (2014)
Dalpiaz, F., Giorgini, P., Mylopoulos, J.: Adaptive socio-technical systems: a requirements-based approach. Requirements Eng. 18(1), 1–24 (2013)
Ismail, I., Moussa, F.: User requirements deduction in a pervasive environment. In: NGMAST: IEEE International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Application, Services and Technologies (2010)
Wurdel, M., Burghardt, C., Forbrig, P.: Supporting ambient environments by extended task models. In: Mühlhäuser, M., Ferscha, A., Aitenbichler, E. (eds.) AmI 2007. CCIS, vol. 11, pp. 131–138. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85379-4_16
Pasquale, L., Spoletini, P., Pometto, D., Blasi, F., Redaelli, T.: Requirements engineering meets physiotherapy: an experience with motion-based games. In: Doerr, J., Opdahl, A. (eds.) REFSQ 2013. LNCS, vol. 7830, pp. 315–330. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37422-7_23
Ramdane-Cherif, A., Hina, M.D., Tadj, C., et al.: Analysis of a new ubiquitous multimodal multimedia computing system. In: 2007 Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia, ISM 2007, pp. 161–168. IEEE (2007)
Sun, J., Liu, F., Zhang, H., Liu, L., Yu, E.: Understanding the diversity of services based on users’ identities. In: Mouratidis, H., Rolland, C. (eds.) CAiSE 2011. LNCS, vol. 6741, pp. 612–626. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21640-4_45
Desmet, B., Vallejos, J., Costanza, P., De Meuter, W., D’Hondt, T.: Context-oriented domain analysis. In: Kokinov, B., Richardson, D.C., Roth-Berghofer, T.R., Vieu, L. (eds.) CONTEXT 2007. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 4635, pp. 178–191. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74255-5_14
Ahmad, A., Rahman, M.A, Afyouni, I., et al.: Towards a mobile and context-aware framework from crowdsourced data. In: 2014 The 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for The Muslim World (ICT4 M), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2014)
Ruiz-López, T., Noguera, M., RodríGuez, M.A.J., et al.: REUBI: a requirements engineering method for ubiquitous systems. Sci. Comput. Program. 78(10), 1895–1911 (2013)
Ali, R., Dalpiaz, F., Giorgini, P., Souza, V.E.S.: Requirements evolution: from assumptions to reality. In: Halpin, T., Nurcan, S., Krogstie, J., Soffer, P., Proper, E., Schmidt, R., Bider, I. (eds.) BPMDS/EMMSAD -2011. LNBIP, vol. 81, pp. 372–382. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21759-3_27
Saavedra, R., Ballejos, L., Ale, M.: Software requirements quality evaluation: state of the art and research challenges. In: Proceedings of 14th Argentine Symposium on Software Engineering, Cordoba, Argentina (2013)
Kim, J.-H., Kim, S.-C.: Adaptive smart vehicle middleware platform for aspect oriented software engineering. In: Park, J.J.H., Arabnia, H.R., Kim, C., Shi, W., Gil, J.-M. (eds.) GPC 2013. LNCS, vol. 7861, pp. 659–664. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38027-3_71
Ali, R., Dalpiaz, F., Giorgini, P.: Reasoning with contextual requirements: detecting inconsistency and conflicts. Inf. Softw. Technol. 55(1), 35–57 (2013)
Zhang, M., Selic, B., Ali, S., Yue, T., Okariz, O., Norgren, R.: Understanding uncertainty in cyber-physical systems: a conceptual model. In: Wąsowski, A., Lönn, H. (eds.) ECMFA 2016. LNCS, vol. 9764, pp. 247–264. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42061-5_16
Liu, W., Feng, Z.: Requirement uncertainty analysis for service-oriented self-adaptation software. In: Lei, Jingsheng, Wang, Fu Lee, Li, Mo, Luo, Yuan (eds.) NCIS 2012. CCIS, vol. 345, pp. 156–163. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35211-9_20
Raji, A., Dhaussy, P.: Use cases modeling for scalable model-checking. In: 2011 18th Asia Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC), pp. 65–72. IEEE (2011)
Vrbaski, M., Mussbacher, G., Petriu, D., et al.: Goal models as run-time entities in context-aware systems. In: Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Models@ run. time, pp. 3–8. ACM (2012)
Riahi, I., Riahi, M., Moussa, F.: XML in formal specification, verification and generation of mobile HCI. In: Jacko, J.A. (ed.) HCI 2011, Part III. LNCS, vol. 6763, pp. 92–100. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21616-9_11
Sitou, W., Spanfelner, B.: Towards requirements engineering for context adaptive systems. In: 2007 31st Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference, COMPSAC 2007, vol. 2, pp. 593–600. IEEE (2007)
Kofod-Petersen, A., Cassens, J.: Modelling with problem frames: explanations and context in ambient intelligent systems. In: Beigl, M., Christiansen, H., Roth-Berghofer, T.R., Kofod-Petersen, A., Coventry, K.R., Schmidtke, H.R. (eds.) CONTEXT 2011. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 6967, pp. 145–158. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24279-3_17
Ruiz-López, T., Rodríguez-Domínguez, C., Noguera, M., Rodríguez, M.J.: A model-driven approach to requirements engineering in ubiquitous systems. In: Novais, P., Hallenborg, K., Tapia, D., Rodríguez, J. (eds.) ISAmI 2012. AINSC, vol. 153, pp. 85–92. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28783-1_11
Canchi, S., Durán, J.E.: Functional requirements modelling for interactive tv applications. In: Fricker, S.A., Schneider, K. (eds.) REFSQ 2015. LNCS, vol. 9013, pp. 254–261. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16101-3_17
Xiong, J., Fan, J., Li, Y.: A layered context reference model for context/situation middleware. In: 2008 Seventh International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing, GCC 2008, pp. 15–21. IEEE (2008)
Sengupta, S., Dasgupta, R.: Use of semi-formal and formal methods in requirement engineering of ILMS. ACM SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes 40(1), 1–13 (2015)
Soares, F., Araújo, J., Wanderley, F.: VoiceToModel: an approach to generate requirements models from speech recognition mechanisms. In: Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, pp. 1350–1357. ACM (2015)
Leonardi, C., Sabatucci, L., Susi, A., Zancanaro, M.: Design as intercultural dialogue: coupling human-centered design with requirement engineering methods. In: Campos, P., Graham, N., Jorge, J., Nunes, N., Palanque, P., Winckler, M. (eds.) INTERACT 2011, Part III. LNCS, vol. 6948, pp. 485–502. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23765-2_34
Klimek, R.: Preference models and their elicitation and analysis for context-aware applications. In: Gruca, D.A., Czachórski, T., Kozielski, S. (eds.) Man-Machine Interactions 3. AISC, vol. 242, pp. 353–360. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02309-0_38
Yang, Z., Jin, Z.: Modeling and specifying parametric adaptation mechanism for self-adaptive systems. In: Zowghi, D., Jin, Z. (eds.) Requirements Engineering. CCIS, vol. 432, pp. 105–119. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43610-3_9
Nakagawa, H., Ohsuga, A., Honiden, S.: Constructing self-adaptive systems using a kaos model. In: 2008 Second IEEE International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems Workshops, SASOW 2008, pp. 132–137. IEEE (2008)
Ali, R., Dalpiaz, F., Giorgini, P.: A goal modeling framework for self-contextualizable software. In: Halpin, T., Krogstie, J., Nurcan, S., Proper, E., Schmidt, R., Soffer, P., Ukor, R. (eds.) BPMDS/EMMSAD -2009. LNBIP, vol. 29, pp. 326–338. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01862-6_27
Lapouchnian, A., Mylopoulos, J.: Modeling domain variability in requirements engineering with contexts. In: Laender, A.H.F., Castano, S., Dayal, U., Casati, F., de Oliveira, J.P.M. (eds.) ER 2009. LNCS, vol. 5829, pp. 115–130. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04840-1_11
Ali, R., Dalpiaz, F., Giorgini, P.: A goal-based framework for contextual requirements modeling and analysis. Requirements Eng. 15(4), 439–458 (2010)
Morandini, M., Migeon, F., Gleizes, M.-P., Maurel, C., Penserini, L., Perini, A.: A goal-oriented approach for modelling self-organising MAS. In: Aldewereld, H., Dignum, V., Picard, G. (eds.) ESAW 2009. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5881, pp. 33–48. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10203-5_4
Yu, L., Glenstrup, A., Zhang, Y., et al.: Goal-driven context-aware service composition. In: 2010 5th International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Applications (ICPCA), pp. 342–347. IEEE (2010)
Qureshi, N.A, Perini, A., Ernst, N.A., et al.: Towards a continuous requirements engineering framework for self-adaptive systems. In: 2010 First International Workshop on Requirements@ Run. Time (RE@ RunTime), pp. 9–16. IEEE (2010)
Qureshi, N.A., Jureta, I.J., Perini, A.: Towards a requirements modeling language for self-adaptive systems. In: Regnell, B., Damian, D. (eds.) REFSQ 2012. LNCS, vol. 7195, pp. 263–279. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28714-5_24
Vilela, J., Castro, J., Pimentel, J.: A systematic process for obtaining the behavior of context-sensitive systems. J. Softw. Eng. Res. Dev. 4(1), 2 (2016)
Sun, W., France, R.B., Ray, I.: Supporting iterative development of robust operation contracts in UML requirements models. In: 2011 IEEE 13th International Symposium on High-Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE), pp. 9–16. IEEE (2011)
Al-alshuhai, A., Siewe, F.: An extension of the use case diagram to model context-aware applications. In: 2015 SAI Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys), pp. 884–888. IEEE (2015)
Almutairi, S., Bella, G., Abu-Samaha, A.: Specifying security requirements of context aware system using UML. In: 2012 Seventh International Conference on Digital Information Management (ICDIM), pp. 259–265. IEEE (2012)
Al-alshuhai, A., Siewe, F.: An extension of UML activity diagram to model the behaviour of context-aware systems. In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology; Ubiquitous Computing and Communications; Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing; Pervasive Intelligence and Computing (CIT/IUCC/DASC/PICOM), pp. 431–437. IEEE (2015)
Santos, E., Pimentel, J., Castro, J., Finkelstein, A.: On the dynamic configuration of business process models. In: Bider, I., Halpin, T., Krogstie, J., Nurcan, S., Proper, E., Schmidt, R., Soffer, P., Wrycza, S. (eds.) BPMDS/EMMSAD -2012. LNBIP, vol. 113, pp. 331–346. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31072-0_23
Zhu, J., Pung, H.K., Oliya, M., et al.: A context realization framework for ubiquitous applications with runtime support. IEEE Commun. Mag. 49(9), 132–141 (2011)
Huang, J., Yang, H., Xu, L., et al.: Supporting context—Aware service evolution with a process management requirements model. In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing and Applications (SOCA), pp. 1–8. IEEE (2011)
Mcheick, H.: Modeling context aware features for pervasive computing. Procedia Comput. Sci. 37, 135–142 (2014)
Ahmad, A., Rahman, M.A., Afyouni, I., et al.: Towards a mobile and context-aware framework from crowdsourced data. In: 2014 The 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for The Muslim World (ICT4M), pp. 1–6. IEEE (2014)
Dzvonyar, D., Krusche, S., Alkadhi, R., et al.: Context-aware user feedback in continuous software evolution. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Continuous Software Evolution and Delivery, pp. 12–18. ACM (2016)
Jørgensen, J.B., Tjell, S., Fernandes, J.M.: Formal requirements modelling with executable use cases and coloured Petri nets. Innovations Syst. Softw. Eng. 5(1), 13–25 (2009)
Huang, P.C., Kuo, Y.H.: A reliable context model for context-aware applications. In: 2008 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC 2008, pp. 246–250. IEEE (2008)
Bencomo, N.: Requirements for self-adaptation. In: Lämmel, R., Saraiva, J., Visser, J. (eds.) GTTSE 2011. LNCS, vol. 7680, pp. 271–296. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35992-7_7
Wiesner, S., Gorldt, C., Soeken, M., Thoben, K.-D., Drechsler, R.: Requirements engineering for cyber-physical systems. In: Grabot, B., Vallespir, B., Gomes, S., Bouras, A., Kiritsis, D. (eds.) APMS 2014, Part I. IAICT, vol. 438, pp. 281–288. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44739-0_35
Yang, Z., Li, Z., Jin, Z., Chen, Y.: A Systematic literature review of requirements modeling and analysis for self-adaptive systems. In: Salinesi, C., van de Weerd, I. (eds.) REFSQ 2014. LNCS, vol. 8396, pp. 55–71. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05843-6_5
Zhao, T., Zhao, H., Zhang, W.: A preliminary study on requirements modeling methods for self-adaptive software systems. In: Proceedings of the 5th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Internetware, p. 3. ACM (2013)
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by National key research and development plan of China (No. 2016YFB0501801). The work also was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61170026.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Li, Y., Peng, R., Wang, B. (2018). Challenges in Context-Aware Requirements Modeling: A Systematic Literature Review. In: Kamalrudin, M., Ahmad, S., Ikram, N. (eds) Requirements Engineering for Internet of Things. APRES 2017. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 809. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7796-8_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7796-8_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-7795-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-7796-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)