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A Succinct Review on Upgrading of Lignin-Derived Bio-oil Model Components

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Sustainable Energy Technology and Policies

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

Abstract

Increasing energy demand and depleting non-renewable energy resources have centred the researcher’s cognition to develop a sustainable technology that can exploit renewable energies. Renewable energies include solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, hydropower, biomass but leaving a snag there that only biomass, as the renewable energy resource, could be the sustainable alternative for transportation fuels because it delivers sustainable carbon. Biomass comprises of three main units, i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In the recent past, cellulose and hemicellulose have acquired much attention but, on the other hand, lignin scuffled to get proper consideration. However, earlier it has been used to produce a less effective heat and electricity by combustion. Currently, lignin is magnanimous amongst researchers because of its higher energy density, great source for phenolic fine chemicals, etc. Bio-oils derived from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass comprise of more than 300 oxy-compounds which vitiate its quality in the form of low pH value, less stable, highly viscous, and low heating value for the application as transportation fuel. Therefore, it needs the proper upgradation technology to make it exploitable for transportation fuels. Here in this chapter, a succinct review is carried out for the lignin-derived bio-oil model compounds such as phenol, guaiacol, anisole, vanillin, and eugenol. Guaiacol component is one of the key components in phenolic fraction of bio-oil because its presence in bio-oil is often higher and, in addition, other higher molecular weight phenolic model compounds such as vanillin and eugenol reduce to guaiacol majorly. Furthermore, guaiacol component can successfully represent a higher fraction of lignin structure because of attachment of hydroxyl and methoxy groups in its molecular structure.

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Abbreviations

PHE:

Phenol

BEN:

Benzene

CYHA:

Cyclohexane

CYHN:

Cyclohexanone

CYHL:

Cyclohexanol

CYHD:

Cyclohexan-2,4-dione

ANI:

Anisole

o-Cr:

o-cresol

m-Cr:

m-cresol

p-Cr:

p-cresol

TOL:

Toluene

MXCYHA:

Methoxycyclohexane

GUA:

Guaiacol

CAT:

Catechol

MXCYHL:

2-methoxycyclohexanol

MCAT:

Methylcatechol

SAL:

Salicylaldehyde

MXCYHDL:

6-methoxycyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-ol

CYHDN:

Cyclohexan-1,2-dione

CYHDDL:

Cyclohexa-2,6-dien-1,2-diol

CYPTN:

Cyclopentanone

DHBZD:

3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde

VAN:

Vanillin

p-HBZD:

4-hydroxybenzaldehyde

MXBZD:

3-methoxybenzaldehyde

m-HBZD:

3-hydroxybenzaldehyde

EUG:

Eugenol

ALCAT:

4-allylcatechol

ALPHE:

4-allylphenol

PLPHE:

4-propylphenol

PLBEN:

Propylbenzene

PLGUA:

4-propylguaiacol

PLCAT:

4-propylcatechol

ALANI:

3-allylanisole

ALPHE:

3-allylphenol

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India

    Anand Mohan Verma & Nanda Kishore

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  1. Anand Mohan Verma
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  2. Nanda Kishore
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Correspondence to Nanda Kishore .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Sudipta De

  2. Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Santanu Bandyopadhyay

  3. Natural Gas Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway

    Mohsen Assadi

  4. Energy and Environment Committee, The Bengal Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Deb A Mukherjee

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Verma, A.M., Kishore, N. (2018). A Succinct Review on Upgrading of Lignin-Derived Bio-oil Model Components. In: De, S., Bandyopadhyay, S., Assadi, M., Mukherjee, D. (eds) Sustainable Energy Technology and Policies. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7188-1_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7188-1_14

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