Skip to main content

The Persistence of Native Speakerism in Japanese Senior High School Curriculum Reform: Team Teaching in the “English in English” Initiative

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Towards Post-Native-Speakerism

Part of the book series: Intercultural Communication and Language Education ((ICLE))

Abstract

In team teaching (TT) , an approach to language education where so-called native and non-native English-speaking teachers teach in an English language classroom together, implicit in TT theory and practice is the perspective that through a “deficit” model (Bolstad & Zenuk-Nishide, 2016), one teacher’s purported strengths in the target language will somehow compensate for the other teacher’s purported linguistic weaknesses. This native speakerist deficit perspective is unfortunately embedded in TT recruitment schemes, where so-called native English speakers are positioned as agents of change who can bring innovation to English language teaching (ELT), such as communicative teaching practices and increased use of English. The current chapter, through analysis of policy discourse and semi-structured interview data, examines how team teaching is represented in a current initiative in Japanese senior high schools in which English teachers of Japanese nationality (JTEs) are required to conduct English classes in English, and discusses its implications for how TT is to be practised. It argues that the discourses of the “English in English” initiative fail to address lingering tensions with respect to how JTEs and their native English-speaking counterparts’ roles are framed in policy discourse, and perceived and enacted at the institutional level. These tensions, if unresolved, may preclude the possibility for native speakerism in TT practice to be eradicated at the classroom and institutional level.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aspinall, R. W. (2013). International education policy in Japan in an age of globalisation and risk. Leiden, Netherlands: Global Oriental.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolstad, F., & Zenuk-Nishide, L. (2016). Beyond the deficit model: Co-constructing team teaching to address learner goals and needs. In A. Tajino, T. Stewart, & D. Dalsky (Eds.), Team teaching and team learning in the language classroom: Collaboration for innovation in ELT (pp. 78–93). Abingdon, U.K.: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyle, J. (1997). Native-speaker teachers of English in Hong Kong. Language and Education, 11(3), 163–181. doi:10.1080/09500789708666726.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breckenridge, Y., & Erling, E. (2011). The native speaker teacher and the politics of globalization in Japan. In P. Seargeant (Ed.), English in Japan in an era of globalization (pp. 80–100). Basingstoke, U.K.: Palgrave McMillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, J. D. (2012). EIL curriculum development. In L. Algasoff, S. McKay, G. Hu, & W. Renandya (Eds.), Principles and practices for teaching English as an international language (pp. 147–167). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carless, D. (2006). Good practices in team teaching in Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong. System, 34(3), 341–351. doi: 10.1016/j.system.2006.02.001.

  • Carless, D., & Walker, E. (2006). Effective team teaching between local and native-English speaking teachers. Language and Education, 20(6), 463–477. doi:10.2167/le627.0.

  • Chen, C., & Cheng, Y. (2010). A case study on foreign English teachers’ challenges in Taiwanese elementary schools. System, 38, 41–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2000). Research methods in education. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Council for Local Authorities on International Relations (CLAIR). (2012). ALT Handbook. Tokyo, Japan: CLAIR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council for Local Authorities on International Relations (CLAIR) (2013). ALT Handbook. Tokyo, Japan: CLAIR. Accessed January 2, 2017http://jetprogramme.org/wp-content/themes/biz-vektor/pdf/publications/alt_2013.pdf.

  • D’Angelo, J. (2014). The WEs/EIL paradigm and Japan’s NS propensity: Going beyond the friendly face of West-based TESOL. In R. Marlina & R. A. Giri (Eds.), The pedagogy of English as an international language: Perspectives from scholars, teachers and students (pp. 221–238). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Switzerlanf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dormer, J. (2010). Strength through difference: Optimizing NEST/NNEST relationships on a school staff. In A. Mahboob (Ed.), The NNSET lens: Non native speakers in TESOL (pp. 285–304). Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, G. (2009). What next? Towards an agenda for classroom codeswitching research. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 12(2), 231–241. doi:10.1080/13670050802153236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geluso, J. (2013). Negotiating a professional identity: Non-Japanese teachers of English in pre-tertiary education in Japan. In S. A. Houghton & D. J. Rivers (Eds.), Native-speakerism in Japan: Intergroup dynamics in foreign language education (pp. 90–104). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glasgow, G. P. (2014). Teaching English in English, “in principle”: The national foreign language curriculum for Japanese senior high schools. International Journal of Pedagogies and Learning, 9(2), 152–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glasgow, G.P. (2016). Policy, agency and the (non)native teacher: “English classes in English” in Japan’s high schools. In P. Ng, & E. Boucher-Yip (Eds.), Teacher agency and policy response in English language teaching (pp. 58–73). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, G., & Cook, G. (2012). Own-language use in language teaching and learning. Language Teaching, 45(03), 271–308. doi:10.1017/S0261444812000067.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hashimoto, K. (2013a). “English-only”, but not a medium-of-instruction policy: the Japanese way of internationalising education for both domestic and overseas students. Current Issues in Language Planning, 14(1), 16–33. doi:10.1080/14664208.2013.789956.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hashimoto, K. (2013b). The construction of the “native speaker” in Japan’s education policies for TEFL. In S. A. Houghton & D. J. Rivers (Eds.), Native-speakerism in Japan: Intergroup dynamics in foreign language education (pp. 159–168). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herbert, P., & Yu, C. H. (2009). Cultural diversity in the classroom: Shortcomings and successes of English co-teaching programs in East Asia. Zeitschrift fur Interkulturellen Fremdsprachenunterricht, 14(1), 55–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holliday, A. (2006). Native-speakerism. ELT Journal, 60(4), 385–387. doi:10.1093/elt/ccl030.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houghton, S. A., & Rivers, D. J. (2013). Introduction: Redefining native-speakerism. In S. A. Houghton & D. J. Rivers (Eds.), Native-speakerism in Japan: Intergroup dynamics in foreign language education (pp. 1–14). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeon, M. (2009). Globalization and native English speakers in English Programme in Korea (EPIK). Language, Culture and Curriculum, 22(3), 231–243. doi:10.1080/07908310903388933.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, G. (2011). Code choice in the language classroom. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macaro, E. (2009). Teacher use of codeswitching in the second language classroom: Exploring “optimal” use. In M. Turnbull, & J. Dailey-O’Cain (Eds.), First language use in second and foreign language learning (pp. 35–49). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • McConnell, D. (2000). Importing diversity: Inside Japan’s JET program. Berkeley, CA.: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKay, S., & Bokhorst-Heng, W. (2008). International English in its sociolinguistic contexts: Towards a socially sensitive EIL pedagogy. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medgyes, P. (1999). The nonnative teacher. Ismaning, Germany: Hueber Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (2013). ALT handbook. Accessed December 23, 2016 http://www.britishcouncil.jp/sites/britishcouncil.jp/files/alt-handbook-en_0.pdf.

  • Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (2014). English education reform plan corresponding to globalization.http://www.mext.go.jp/en/news/topics/detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2014/01/23/1343591_1.pdf. Accessed 3rd January 2017.

  • Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). (2002). Handbook for team teaching. Tokyo, Japan: MEXT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) (2003). Koutougakkou gakusyuushidouyouryou [The Course of Study for Foreign Languages—Upper Secondary School]. Accessed December 23, 2016 http://warp.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/286794/www.mext.go.jp/english/shotou/030301.htm.

  • Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) (2011a). Koutougakkou gakusyuushidouyouryou [The course of study for upper secondary schools—Provisional English version]. Accessed January 3, 2017 http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/new-cs/youryou/eiyaku/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2011/04/11/1298353_9.pdf.

  • Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) (2011b). Five proposals and specific measures for developing proficiency in English for International Communication. Accessed December 23, 2016http://www.mext.go.jp/component/english/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2012/07/09/1319707_1.pdf.

  • Miyazato, K. (2009). Power-sharing between NS and NNS Teachers: Linguistically powerful AETs vs. culturally powerful JTEs. JALT Journal, 31(1), 35–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakui, K. (2004). Wearing two pairs of shoes: language teaching in Japan. ELT Journal, 58(2), 155–163. doi:10.1093/elt/58.2.155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tajino, A., & Smith, C. (2016). Beyond team teaching: An introduction to team learning in language education. In A. Tajino, T. Stewart, & D. Dalsky (Eds.), Team teaching and team learning in the language classroom: Collaboration for innovation in ELT (pp. 11–27). Abingdon, U.K.: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tajino, A., & Walker, L. (1998). Perspectives on team teaching by students and teachers: Exploring foundations for team learning. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 11(1), 113–131. doi:10.1080/07908319808666544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turnbull, M., & Dailey-O’Cain, J. (2009). Introduction. In M. Turnbull, & J. Dailey O’Cain (Eds.), First language use in second and foreign language learning (pp. 1–14). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verschueren, J. (2012). Ideology in language use: pragmatic guidelines for empirical research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida, T. (2016). A sociocultural analysis of effective team teaching in a Japanese language classroom. In A. Tajino, T. Stewart, & D. Dalsky (Eds.), Team teaching and team learning in the language classroom: Collaboration for innovation in ELT (pp. 31–50). Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gregory Paul Glasgow .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Glasgow, G.P. (2018). The Persistence of Native Speakerism in Japanese Senior High School Curriculum Reform: Team Teaching in the “English in English” Initiative. In: Houghton, S., Hashimoto, K. (eds) Towards Post-Native-Speakerism. Intercultural Communication and Language Education. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7162-1_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7162-1_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-7160-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-7162-1

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics