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Microorganisms for Green Revolution pp 197–240Cite as

Psychrotrophic Microbiomes: Molecular Diversity and Beneficial Role in Plant Growth Promotion and Soil Health

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Part of the book series: Microorganisms for Sustainability ((MICRO,volume 7))

Abstract

Prospecting the cold habitats has led to the isolation of a great diversity of psychrotrophic microbes belonging to different groups. The cold-adapted microbes have potential biotechnological applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry as they can produce cold-adapted enzymes (amylase, cellulase, chitinase, laccase, lipase, pectinase, protease, xylanase, β-galactosidase, and β-glucosidase), antifreezing compounds, and antibiotics and possess diverse multifunctional plant growth-promoting attributes (production of ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, indole-3-acetic acid, and siderophores; solubilization of phosphorus, potassium, and zinc; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity and biocontrol activity against plant pathogenic microbes). Cold-adapted microbes are ubiquitous in nature and have been reported from Antarctica, permanently ice-covered lakes, cloud droplets, ice cap cores from considerable depth, snow, glaciers, and those associated with plants growing in cold habitats. Cold-adapted microbial communities can be studied using culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. Microbes recovered using both techniques revealed the occurrence of different and diverse major groups, viz., Actinobacteria, Ascomycota, Bacteroidetes, Basidiomycota, Chlamydiae, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Mucoromycota, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Thaumarchaeota, and Verrucomicrobia. On the review of isolated cold-adapted microbes, it was found that Proteobacteria was the most dominant phylum followed by Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. This book chapter deals with the isolation, characterization, and biodiversity of cold-tolerant microbes from Antarctica; Himalayan cold desert; glaciers; ice-capped rivers; plant-associated, subalpine region of Uttarakhand; and different sub-glacial lakes. The biotechnological applications of cold-adapted microbes have been discussed. The benificial and potential cold-adapted microbes may have applications in diverse processes in agriculture, industry, and allied sectors.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Division of Microbiology; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi; and National Agricultural Innovation Project on “Diversity analysis of Bacillus and other predominant genera in extreme environments and its utilization in Agriculture,” Indian Council of Agricultural Research, for providing the facilities and financial support, to undertake the investigations. There are no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, India

    Ajar Nath Yadav

  2. Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Science, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, India

    Priyanka Verma

  3. Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India

    Shashwati Ghosh Sachan

  4. Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

    Rajeev Kaushik

  5. ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India

    Anil Kumar Saxena

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Correspondence to Ajar Nath Yadav .

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  1. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India

    Deepak G. Panpatte

  2. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India

    Yogeshvari K. Jhala

  3. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India

    Harsha N. Shelat

  4. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India

    Rajababu V. Vyas

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Yadav, A.N., Verma, P., Sachan, S.G., Kaushik, R., Saxena, A.K. (2018). Psychrotrophic Microbiomes: Molecular Diversity and Beneficial Role in Plant Growth Promotion and Soil Health. In: Panpatte, D., Jhala, Y., Shelat, H., Vyas, R. (eds) Microorganisms for Green Revolution. Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 7. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7146-1_11

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