Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Electric Distribution Network Planning pp 215–251Cite as

Optimal Distributed Generation Placement Problem for Power and Energy Loss Minimization

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 1232 Accesses

Part of the book series: Power Systems ((POWSYS))

Abstract

This chapter introduces the Optimal Distributed Generation Placement problem towards power and energy loss minimization. Several solving methods are applied in order for the most suitable to emerge. Apart from technical and DG constraints, recent raised issues due to high Distributed Generation penetration like the reverse power flow effect is considered as well. The load and generation variability and their impact in integrating Renewable Energy Sources are examined, aided by the use of Capacity Factors implementation. In addition, the impact of Optimal Distributed Generation Placement problem in conjunction with Network Reconfiguration and Optimal Energy Storage Systems Placement is introduced aiming to examine how joined management schemes could be efficiently combined in order to maximize the potential loss and energy reduction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. T. Ackermann, V. Knyazkin, Interaction between distributed generation and the distribution network: operation aspects, in IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition (2002), pp. 1357–1362

    Google Scholar 

  2. N. Mohandas, R. Balamurugan, L. Lakshminarasimman, Optimal location and sizing of real power DG units to improve the voltage stability in the distribution system using ABC algorithm united with chaos. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 66, 41–52 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. V.H. MendezQuezada, J. RivierAbbad, T. GomezSanRoman, Assessment of energy distribution losses for increasing penetration of distributed generation. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 21(2), 533–540 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. K.O. Oureilidis, E.A. Bakirtzis, C.S. Demoulias, Frequency-based control of islanded microgrid with renewable energy sources and energy storage. J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy 4(1), 54–62 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. P.A. Gkaidatzis, D.I. Doukas, A.S. Bouhouras, K.I. Sgouras, D.P. Labridis, Impact of penetration schemes to optimal DG placement forlossminimisation. Int. J. Sustain. Energy 36(5), 473–488 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. A.S. Bouhouras, K.I. Sgouras, P.A. Gkaidatzis, D.P. Labridis, Optimal active and reactive nodal power requirements towards loss minimization under reverse power flow constraint defining DG type. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 78, 445–454 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. M. Esmaili, Placement of minimum distributed generation units observing power losses and voltage stability with network constraints. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib. 7(8), 813–821 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. S. Ge, L. Xu, H. Liu, J. Fang, Low-carbon benefit analysis on DG penetration distribution system. J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy 3(1), 139–148 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. A. Soroudi, M. Ehsan, R. Caire, N. Hadjsaid, Hybrid immune-genetic algorithm method for benefit maximisation of distribution network operators and distributed generation owners in a deregulated environment. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib. 5(9), 961 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Y. del Valle, G.K. Venayagamoorthy, S. Mohagheghi, J.-C. Hernandez, R.G. Harley, Particle swarm optimization: basic concepts, variants and applications in power systems. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 12(2), 171–195 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. K.E. Parsopoulos, M.N. Vrahatis, Particle Swarm Optimization and Intelligence: Advances and Applications (IGI Global, Hershey, 2010)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  12. U. Leeton, D. Uthitsunthorn, U. Kwannetr, N. Sinsuphun, T. Kulworawanichpong, Power loss minimization using optimal power flow based on particle swarm optimization, in 2010 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics Computer Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON) (2010), pp. 440–444

    Google Scholar 

  13. P.S. Georgilakis, N.D. Hatziargyriou, A review of power distribution planning in the modern power systems era: models, methods and future research. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 121, 89–100 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. D.Q. Hung, N. Mithulananthan, R.C. Bansal, Analytical expressions for DG allocation in primary distribution networks. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 25(3), 814–820 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. D.Q. Hung, N. Mithulananthan, Multiple distributed generator placement in primary distribution networks for loss reduction. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 60(4), 1700–1708 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. D.Q. Hung, N. Mithulananthan, Loss reduction and loadability enhancement with DG: a dual-index analytical approach. Appl. Energy 115, 233–241 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. P. Prakash, D.K. Khatod, An analytical approach for optimal sizing and placement of distributed generation in radial distribution systems, in 1st IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics. Intelligent Control and Energy Systems (ICPEICES-2016) (2016), pp. 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  18. T. Kumar, T. Thakur, Comparative analysis of particle swarm optimization variants on distributed generation allocation for network loss minimization, in 2014 First International Conference on Networks & Soft Computing (ICNSC2014) (2014), pp. 167–171

    Google Scholar 

  19. A.A. Abou El-Ela, S.M. Allam, M.M. Shatla, Maximal optimal benefits of distributed generation using genetic algorithms. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 80(7), 869–877 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. K.-H. Kim, Y.-J. Lee, S.-B. Rhee, S.-K. Lee, S.-K. You, Dispersed generator placement using fuzzy-GA in distribution systems, in IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, vol. 3 (2002), pp. 1148–1153

    Google Scholar 

  21. F.S. Abu-Mouti, M.E. El-Hawary, Optimal distributed generation allocation and sizing in distribution systems via artificial bee colony algorithm. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 26(4), 2090–2101 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. A.A. Seker, M.H. Hocaoglu, Artificial Bee Colony algorithm for optimal placement and sizing of distributed generation, in 2013 8th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ELECO) (2013), pp. 127–131

    Google Scholar 

  23. N. Taher, I.T. Seyed, A. Jamshid, T. Sajad, N. Majid, A modified honey bee mating optimization algorithm for multiobjective placement of renewable energy resources. Appl. Energy 88(12), 4817–4830 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. W.S. Tan, M.Y. Hassan, M.S. Majid, H.A. Rahman, Allocation and sizing of DG using Cuckoo search algorithm, in 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon) (2012), pp. 133–138

    Google Scholar 

  25. M. Zahra, A. Amir, A novel approach based on cuckoo search for {DG} allocation in distribution network. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 44(1), 672–679 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. W. Buaklee, K. Hongesombut, Optimal DG allocation in a smart distribution grid using Cuckoo search algorithm, in 2013 10th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON) (2013), pp. 1–6

    Google Scholar 

  27. S. Roy, S. Sultana, P.K. Roy, Oppositional cuckoo optimization algorithm to solve DG allocation problem of radial distribution system, in 2015 International Conference on Recent Developments in Control, Automation and Power Engineering (RDCAPE) (2015), pp. 44–49

    Google Scholar 

  28. A.Y. Abdelaziz, R.A. Osama, S.M. Elkhodary, Using the harmony search algorithm for reconfiguration of power distribution networks with distributed generation units. J. Bioinform. Intell. Control 2(3), 237–242 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. S.I. Kumar, N.P. Kumar, A novel approach to identify optimal access point and capacity of multiple DGs in a small, medium and large scale radial distribution systems. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 45(1), 142–151 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. R.S. Rao, K. Ravindra, K. Satish, S.V.L. Narasimham, Power loss minimization in distribution system using network reconfiguration in the presence of distributed generation. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 28(1), 317–325 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. A. Mohamed Imran, M. Kowsalya, Optimal size and siting of multiple distributed generators in distribution system using bacterial foraging optimization. Swarm Evol. Comput. 15, 58–65 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. M.J. Hadidian-Moghaddam, S. Arabi-Nowdeh, M. Bigdeli, D. Azizian, A multi-objective optimal sizing and siting of distributed generation using ant lion optimization technique. Ain Shams Eng. J. 1–9 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  33. A. Sobieh, M. Mandour, E.M. Saied, M.M. Salama, Optimal number size and location of distributed generation units in radial distribution systems using Grey Wolf optimizer. Int. Electr. Eng. J. 7(9), 2367–2376 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  34. M.H. Moradi, M. Abedini, A combination of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization for optimal DG location and sizing in distribution systems. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 34(1), 66–74 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. A.J.G. Mena, J.A.M. Garcia, An efficient approach for the siting and sizing problem of distributed generation. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 69, 167–172 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. R. Viral, D.K. Khatod, An analytical approach for sizing and siting of DGs in balanced radial distribution networks for loss minimization. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 67, 191–201 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. R. Eberhart, J. Kennedy, A new optimizer using particle swarm theory, in Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science MHS’95 (1995), pp. 39–43

    Google Scholar 

  38. A.P. Engelbrecht, Computational Intelligence: An Introduction, vol. 115, 2nd edn. (Wiley, Chichester, 2008), pp. 3–78

    Google Scholar 

  39. K.E. Parsopoulos, M.N. Vrahatis, Parameter selection and adaptation in unified particle swarm optimization. Math. Comput. Model. 46(1–2), 198–213 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  40. P.A. Gkaidatzis, A.S. Bouhouras, D.I. Doukas, K.I. Sgouras, D.P. Labridis, Application and evaluation of UPSO to ODGP in radial distribution networks, in 2016 13th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM), vol. 2016, July (2016), pp. 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  41. J.H. Holland, Genetic algorithms. Sci. Am. 267(1), 66–72 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. D. Karaboga, B. Basturk, Artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization algorithm for solving constrained optimization problems, ed. by P. Melin, O. Castillo, L.T. Aguilar, J. Kacprzyk, W. Pedrycz, in Proceedings of the Foundations of Fuzzy Logic and Soft Computing: 12th International Fuzzy Systems Association World Congress (IFSA 2007), Cancun, Mexico, 18–21 June 2007 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007), pp. 789–798

    Google Scholar 

  43. X.S. Yang, S. Deb, Cuckoo search via levy flights, in World Congress on Nature Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC 2009) (2009), pp. 210–214

    Google Scholar 

  44. Z.W. Geem, J.H. Kim, G.V. Loganathan, A new heuristic optimization algorithm: harmony search. Simulation 76(2), 60–68 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. M. Kashem, V. Ganapathy, G. Jasmon, M. Buhari, A novel method for loss minimization in distribution networks, in International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT2000). Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX382), no. 603 (2000), pp. 251–256

    Google Scholar 

  46. S. Ghosh, S.P. Ghoshal, S. Ghosh, Optimal sizing and placement of distributed generation in a network system. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 32(8), 849–856 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. C. Wang, M.H. Nehrir, Analytical approaches for optimal placement of distributed generation sources in power systems. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 19(4), 2068–2076 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. M.F. Akorede, H. Hizam, I. Aris, M.Z.A. Ab Kadir, Effective method for optimal allocation of distributed generation units in meshed electric power systems. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib. 5(2), 276 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. R.K. Singh, S.K. Goswami, Optimum siting and sizing of distributed generations in radial and networked systems. Electr. Power Components Syst. 37(2), 127–145 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. D.I. Doukas, P.A. Gkaidatzis, A.S. Bouhouras, K.I. Sgouras, D.P. Labridis, On reverse power flow modelling in distribution grids, in Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion (MedPower 2016) (2016), p. 65 (6.)

    Google Scholar 

  51. R. Yokoyama, S.H. Bae, T. Morita, H. Sasaki, Multiobjective optimal generation dispatch based on probability security criteria. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 3(1), 317–324 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. P. Kayal, C.K. Chanda, Placement of wind and solar based DGs in distribution system for power loss minimization and voltage stability improvement. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 53, 795–809 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. V.R. Pandi, H.H. Zeineldin, W. Xiao, Determining optimal location and size of distributed generation resources considering harmonic and protection coordination limits. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 28(2), 1245–1254 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. A. Keane, M. O’Malley, Optimal distributed generation plant mix with novel loss adjustment factors, in 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting (2006), 6 pp

    Google Scholar 

  55. Y.M. Atwa, E.F. El-Saadany, M.M.A. Salama, R. Seethapathy, Optimal renewable resources mix for distribution system energy loss minimization. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 25(1), 360–370 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. C. Yammani, S. Maheswarapu, S. Matam, Optimal placement of multi DGs in distribution system with considering the DG bus available limits. Energy and Power 2(1), 18–23 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. P.A. Gkaidatzis, A.S. Bouhouras, K.I. Sgouras, D.I. Doukas, D.P. Labridis, Optimal distributed generation placement problem for renewable and DG units: an innovative approach, in Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion (MedPower 2016) (2016), p. 66 (7.)

    Google Scholar 

  58. S. Soudi, Distribution system planning with distributed generations considering benefits and costs. Int. J. Mod. Educ. Comput. Sci. 5(October), 45–52 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. L.F. Ochoa, G.P. Harrison, Minimizing energy losses: optimal accommodation and smart operation of renewable distributed generation. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 26(1), 198–205 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. L.F. Ochoa, A. Padilha-Feltrin, G.P. Harrison, Evaluating distributed time-varying generation through a multiobjective index. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 23(2), 1132–1138 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. G.N. Koutroumpezis, A.S. Safigianni, Optimum allocation of the maximum possible distributed generation penetration in a distribution network. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 80(12), 1421–1427 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Y.M. Atwa, E.F. El-Saadany, Probabilistic approach for optimal allocation of wind-based distributed generation in distribution systems. IET Renew. Power Gener. 5(1), 79 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. F. Rotaru, G. Chicco, G. Grigoras, G. Cartina, Two-stage distributed generation optimal sizing with clustering-based node selection. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 40(1), 120–129 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. M.F. Shaaban, Y.M. Atwa, E.F. El-Saadany, DG allocation for benefit maximization in distribution networks. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 28(2), 939–949 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. P. Subcommittee, IEEE reliability test system. IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst. PAS-98(6), 2047–2054 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. A.S. Bouhouras, C. Parisses, P.A. Gkaidatzis, K.I. Sgouras, D.I. Doukas, D.P. Labridis, Energy loss reduction in distribution networks via ODGP, in International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM), vol. 2016–July (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  67. B. Pawar, S. Kaur, G.B. Kumbhar, An integrated approach for power loss reduction in primary distribution system, in 2016 IEEE 6th International Conference on Power Systems (ICPS) (2016), pp. 1–6

    Google Scholar 

  68. W.M. Dahalan, H. Mokhlis, Network reconfiguration for loss reduction with distributed generations using PSO, in 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon) (2012), pp. 823–828

    Google Scholar 

  69. W. Mohd Dahalan, H. Mokhlis, R. Ahmad, A.H. Abu Bakar, I. Musirin, Simultaneous network reconfiguration and DG using EP method. Int. Trans. Electr. Energy Syst. 25(11), 2577–2594 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. A.S. Bouhouras, P.A. Gkaidatzis, D.P. Labridis, Optimal application order of network reconfiguration and ODGP for loss reduction in distribution networks, in 17 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC 2017) (2017), pp. 1–6

    Google Scholar 

  71. A.S. Bouhouras, G.T. Andreou, D.P. Labridis, A.G. Bakirtzis, Selective automation upgrade in distribution networks towards a smarter grid. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 1(3), 278–285 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. A.S. Bouhouras, D.P. Labridis, Influence of load alterations to optimal network configuration for loss reduction. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 86, 17–27 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. N.D. Hatziargyriou, D. Skrlec, T. Capuder, P.S. Georgilakis, M. Zidar, Review of energy storage allocation in power distribution networks: applications, methods and future research. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib. 10(3), 645–652 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AUTH, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Aggelos S. Bouhouras, Paschalis A. Gkaidatzis & Dimitris P. Labridis

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, TEIWM, Kozani, Greece

    Aggelos S. Bouhouras

Authors
  1. Aggelos S. Bouhouras
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Paschalis A. Gkaidatzis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dimitris P. Labridis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aggelos S. Bouhouras .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Autralia, Australia

    Farhad Shahnia

  2. School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Autralia, Australia

    Ali Arefi

  3. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

    Gerard Ledwich

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Bouhouras, A.S., Gkaidatzis, P.A., Labridis, D.P. (2018). Optimal Distributed Generation Placement Problem for Power and Energy Loss Minimization. In: Shahnia, F., Arefi, A., Ledwich, G. (eds) Electric Distribution Network Planning. Power Systems. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7056-3_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7056-3_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-7055-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-7056-3

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation