Abstract
This chapter discusses the level of PAH pollution in the surface and deep waters of the northwestern part of the Japan Sea (NWJS). The investigated area included the river estuaries of the NWJS basin, the coastal regions, and the pelagic zone of the Japan Sea. As to spatial distributions, the concentration of 13 total PAHs ranged from 6.5 to 66.5 ng/L for river estuaries of South Primorye, and the concentration of 8 total PAHs was 31.2–105 ng/L for the Amur River Estuary. In the bays, the PAH content was 8–148.7 ng/L. The PAH pollution directly correlated with anthropogenic loads on surrounding territories. The open part of the Japan Sea demonstrates that the particulate PAH concentrations varied from 1.2 to 4.4 ng/L in 2009. There was an increasing trend for PAH content from the northeast of the Japan Sea to the southwest. Additionally, PAHs from coal and wood combustion predominated in surface waters of the north of the Japan Sea, while the main source of PAHs in the southwest of the Japan Sea was oil product combustion. In 2010 total PAH content ranged from 7.4 to 10.2 ng/L. The seasonal variation in the PAH concentrations was associated with emissions from the central and domestic heating systems. The results of the PAH distributions in the water column show that surface and intermediate waters (0–500 m) were more polluted than deep waters. Observed enhanced PAH levels on the depths from 30 to 500 m corresponded to biological pump activity.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abrajano TA Jr, Yan B, O’Malley V (2014) High molecular weight petrogenic and pyrogenic hydrocarbons in aquatic environments. In: Treatise on geochemistry, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 481–505
Achten C, Hofmann T (2009) Native polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in coals – a hardly recognized source of environmental contamination. Sci Total Environ 407:2461–2473
Ayukai T, Hattori H (1992) Production and downward flux of zooplankton in the anticyclonic gyre off Shikoku, Japan. Oceanol Acta 15(2):163–172
Bamford HA, Poster DL, Baker JE (1999) Temperature dependence of Henry’s law constants of thirteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons between 4°C and 31°C. Environ Toxicol Chem 18:1905–1912
Berrojalbiz N, Lacorte S, Calbet A, Saiz E, Barata C, Dachs J (2009) Accumulation and cycling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in zooplankton. Environ Sci Technol 43:2295–2301
Berrojalbiz N, Dachs J, Ojeda MJ, Valle MC, Castro-Jimenez J, Wollgast J, Ghiani M, Hamke G, Zaldivar JM (2011) Biogeochemical and physical controls on concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and plankton of the Mediterranean and black seas. Global Biogeochem Cy 25(16):1–14
Bespamyatnov GP, Krotov YA (1985) Predel’no dopustimye concentracii khimicheskih veshchestv v okruzhayushchei srede (maximum permissible concentrations of chemical compounds in the environment). Khimiya, Leningrad
Budzinski H, Jones I, Bellocq J, Pierard C, Garrigues P (1997) Evaluation of sediment contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Gironde estuary. Mar Chem 58:85–97
Cerniglia CE (1992) Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Biodegradation 3:351–368
Chernova AS, Lishavskaya TS, Sevastyanov AV (2011) Concentracii zagryaznyayushchih veshchestv v zalive Petra Velikogo (Yaponskoe more) v 2004–2008 (concentrations of contaminants in the Peter the Great Bay (Japan Sea) in 2004–2008). Izv TINRO 164:330–339
Chernyaev AP, Nigmatulina LV (2013) Monitoring kachestva pribrezhnyh vod zaliva Petra Velikogo (Yaponskoe more) (quality monitoring of coastal waters in Peter the Great Bay (Japan Sea)). Izv TINRO 173:230–238
Chizhova T, Tishchenko P, Kondratieva L, Kawanishi T (2012) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) distribution in the Amur River Estuary. In: Abstracts of PICES-2012: Effects of natural and anthropogenic stressors in the North Pacific ecosystems: scientific challenges and possible solutions, Hiroshima, Japan, 12–21 Oct 2012
Chizhova T, Hayakawa K, Tishchenko P, Nakase H, Koudryashova Y (2013a) Distribution of PAHs in the northwestern part of the Japan Sea. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 86–87:19–24
Chizhova TL, Koudryashova YV, Prokuda NA, Khodorenko ND, Tishchenko PY (2013b) Raspredelenie policyklicheskih aromaticheskih uglevodorodov v vode, vzvesi I donnyh otlozheniyah estuariev rek zaliva Petra Velikogo (distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water, suspended matter and sediments in the estuaries of the Peter the Great Bay). Bulletin FEB RAS 172(6):149–155
Chizhova TL, Tishchenko PY, Kondratyeva LM, Koudryashova Y, Kawanishi T (2013c) Policyklicheskie aromaticheskie uglevodorody v estuarii reki Amur (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Amur River estuary). Water. Chem Ecol 10:13–22
Chizhova TL, Koudryashova YV, Tishchenko PY (2015) Issledovanie zagryazneniya policiklicheskimi aromaticheskimi uglevodorodami poverhnostnyh vod Yaponskogo morya (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution study of the Japan Sea surface water). Water Chem Ecol 7:3–9
Cong L, Fang Y, He M, Wang X, Kannan N, Li D (2010) Ice phase as an important factor on the seasonal variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Tumen River, Northeastern of China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 17:1379–1387
Dachs J, Lohmann R, Ockenden WA, Mejanelle L, Eisenreich SJ, Jones KC (2002) Oceanic biogeochemical controls on global dynamics of persistent organic pollutants. Environ Sci Technol 36(20):4229–4237
Ding X, Wang X-M, Xie Z-Q, Xiang C-H, Mai B-X, Sun L-G, Zheng M, Sheng G-Y, J-M F, Poschl U (2007) Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons observed over the North Pacific Ocean and the Arctic area: spatial distribution and source identification. Atmos Environ 41:2061–2072
Dolganova NT, Stepanenko IG (2000) Sezonnaya i mezhgodovaya izmenchivost’ planktona Yaponskogo morya (seasonal and annual plankton variability in the Japan Sea). Izv TINRO 127:242–265
Doronin YP (2007) Okeanografiya shel’fovoi zony (Oceanography of continental shelf zone). Sankt-Peterburg
Ghosal D, Ghosh S, Dutta TK, Ahn Y (2016) Current state of knowledge in microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): a review. Front Microbiol 7:1369. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01369
Grigoryeva NI, Pitruk DL (2010) Kompleksnaya himiko-ekologicheskaya ocenka sostoyaniya buht Koz’mina-Ozero Vtoroe (zaliv Nahodka, zaliv Petra Velikogo, Yaponskoe more) (integral chemical-ecological state evaluation of the inlets Kozmin and Ozero Vtoroe (Nakhodka Bay, Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea)). Izv TINRO 162:225–241
Guigue C, Tedetti M, Ferretto N, Garcia N, Mejanelle L, Goutx M (2014) Spatial and seasonal variabilities of dissolved hydrocarbons in surface waters from the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea: results from one year intensive sampling. Sci Total Environ 466–467:650–662
Guo W, He M, Yang Z, Lin C, Quan X, Wang H (2007) Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water, suspended particulate matter and sediment from Daliao River watershed, China. Chemosphere 68:93–104
Gustafson KE, Dickhut RM (1997) Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in southern Chesapeake Bay surface water: evaluation of three methods for determining freely dissolved water concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 16(3):452–461
Gustafsson O, Gschwend PM, Buesseler K (1997) Using 234Th disequilibria to estimate the vertical removal rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the surface ocean. Mar Chem 57(1):l–23
Han B, Jiang F, Li C, Zhang X, Song Z, Wang X (2009) Distribution and origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sea water, pore water and sediment of the central area in the south Yellow Sea. Adv Mar Sci 27:233–242
Ji H, Zhang D, Shinohara R, Fujiie W, Koga M, Shi Z, Nomiyama K (2007) Particulate PAHs in the urban atmosphere of Kumamoto, Japan under mild weather. Earozoru Kenkyu (Environ Sci) 22(2):135–142
Jin G, Cong L, Fang Y, Li J, He M, Li D (2012) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air particulates and its effect on the Tumen river area, Northeast China. Atmos Environ 60:298–304
Kakimoto H, Matsumoto Y, Sakai S, Kanoh F, Arashidani K, Tang N, Akutsu K, Nakajima YA, Toriba A, Kizu R, Hayakawa K (2002) Comparisons of atmospheric polycyclic hydrocarbons and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an industrialized city (Kitakyushu) and two commercial cities (Sapporo and Tokyo). J Health Sci 48:370–375
Khristoforova NK, Gamayunova OA, Afanasyev AP (2015) Sostoyanie buht Koz’mina i Vrangelya (zaliv Petra Velikogo, Yaponskoe more): dinamika zagryazneniya tyazhelymi metallami (state of the Kozmin and Wrangel bays (Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea): dynamics of pollution with heavy metals). Izv TINRO 180:179–186
Kondratjeva LM, Fisher NK, Stukova OY, Zolotukhina GF (2007) Zagryaznenie reki Amur poliaromaticheskimi uglevodorodami (pollution of the Amur River by polyaromatic hydrocarbons). Bulletin FEB RAS 4:17–26
Koudryashova YV, Chizhova TL (2014) Zagryaznenie poliarenami estuariya reki Partizanskaya v zimnii period (The PAH pollution of the Partizanskaya River Estuary in winter period). In: Abstracts of XII conference on the geographic and geoecological investigations in the Far East Region, Vladivostok, 15–17 Oct 2014
Koudryashova YV, Chizhova TL (2016) Issledovanie sezonnoi dinamiki zagryazneniya PAU vod zaliva Posieta (Yaponskoe more) (Study on seasonal dynamics of PAH pollution in the Possiet Bay waters (the Japan Sea)). In: Abstracts of VII young scientist conference Oceanographic Research, Vladivostok, 16–20 May 2016
Koudryashova Y, Prokuda N, Khodorenko N, Chizhova T, Tishchenko P (2012) PAHs in sediments of rivers of the Primorsky Region, Far East of Russia. In: Abstracts of PICES-2012: effects of natural and anthropogenic stressors in the North Pacific ecosystems: scientific challenges and possible solutions, Hiroshima, Japan, 12–21 Oct 2012
Leonov AK (1960) Yaponskoe more (the Japan Sea). In: Regional oceanography part 1. Gydrometeoizdat, St. Petersburg, pp 291–463
Lima ALC, Farrington JW, Reddy CM (2005) Combustion-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment – a review. Environ Forensic 6:109–131
Lipiatou E, Marty JC, Saliot A (1993) Sediment trap fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Mediterranean Sea. Mar Chem 34:43–54
Lisitsyn AP (1995) The marginal filter of the ocean. Oceanol Int 34(5):671–682
Lohmann R, Jurado E, Pilson MEQ, Dachs J (2006) Oceanic deep water formation as a sink of persistent organic pollutants. Geophys Res Lett 33:12607–12610
Luo X, Mai B, Yang Q, Fu J, Sheng G, Wang Z (2004) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides in water columns from the Pearl River and the Macao harbor in the Pearl River Delta in South China. Mar Pollut Bull 48:1102–1115
Luo X-J, Chen S-J, Mai B-X, Yang Q-S, Sheng G-Y, J-M F (2006) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in suspended particulate matter and sediments from the Pearl River estuary and adjacent coastal areas, China. Environ Pollut 139:9–20
Mackay D, Shiu WY, Ma K-C, Li SC (2006) Physical-chemical properties and environmental fate for organic chemicals. CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton
McGowin AE (2006) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In: LML N (ed) Chromatographic analysis of the environment, 3rd edn. CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, pp 556–616
Naumov YA (2006) Antropogenez i ecologicheskoe sostoyanie geosistemy pribrezhno-shelfovoi zony zaliva Petra Velikogo (anthropogenesis and ecological state of the Peter the Great Bay coastal-shelf geosystem). Dalnauka, Vladivostok
Neff JM (2002) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ocean. In: Neff JM (ed) Bioaccumulation in marine organisms. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp 241–318
Nemirovskaya IA (2007) Hydrocarbons in the water and bottom sediments of a region with continuous petroleum contamination. Geochem Int 45(7):638–651
Nemirovskaya IA (2010) The concentration and composition of hydrocarbons in water, particulate matter, and bottom sediments of the Kara Sea. Oceanology Int 50(5):758–770
Nemirovskaya IA, Moiseichenko GV, Blinov YG, Grachev SA (2006) Concentrations and molecular markers as indicators of the origin of hydrocarbons in coastal areas: evidence from the southeastern Amur Bay. Dokl Earth Sci 410(7):1101–1105
Nigmatulina LV, Chernyaev AP (2015) Zagryaznenie pribrezhnyh vod zaliva Posieta (zaliv Petra Velikogo, Yaponskoe more) v usloviyah sovremennoi hozyaistvennoi deyatel’nosti (pollution of the coastal waters in the Possyet Bay (Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea) in conditions of current economic activity). Izv TINRO 182:162–171
Nigmatulina LV, Kiku DP, Chernyaev AP (2011) Ocenka vozdeistviya antropogennoi deyatel’nosti na zaliv Nahodka (zaliv Petra Velikogo, Yaponskoe more) (assessment of economic activities impact on environment quality in the Nakhodka Bay) (Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea). Izv TINRO 166:219–230
Ou D, Liu M, Xu S, Cheng S, Hou L, Wang L (2009) Distribution and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in overlying waters and surface sediments from the Yangtze estuarine and coastal. Huanjing Kexue (Environ Sci) 30:3043–3049
Pavlenko LF, Sktypnik GV, Klenkin AA, Korpakova IG (2008) Zagryaznenie Azovskogo moray poliaromaticheskimi uglevodorodami (pollution of the Azov Sea with polyaromatic hydrocarbons). Probl Fish 9(4):861–869
Pavlova GY, Tishchenko PY, Semkin PY, Shkirnikova EM, Mikhalik TA, Barabanshchikov YA (2015) Hydrochemical regime of the Partizanskaya River estuary, Nakhodka Bay, the sea of Japan. Water Res 42(4):468–476
POMRAC, NOWPAP, UNEP (2007) State of the marine environment in the NOWPAP region. Ed. by Shulkin VM, Kachur AN. Dalnauka Vladivostok
Prahl FG, Carpenter R (1979) The role of zooplankton fecal pellets in the sedimentation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Dabob Bay, Washington. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 43:1959–1972
Ren H, Kawagoe T, Jia H, Endo H, Kitazawa A, Goto S, Hayashi T (2010) Continuous surface seawater surveillance on poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and mutagenicity of east and South China seas. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 86:395–400
Schwarzenbach RP, Gschwend PM, Imboden DM (1993) Environmental organic chemistry. Wiley-Interscience, New York
Swietlik R, Kowalczyk D, Dojlido J (2002) Influence of selected physicochemical factors on the degradation of PAHs in water. Pol J Environ Stud 11(2):165–169
Talley LD, Lobanov V, Ponomarev V, Salyuk A, Tishchenko P, Zhabin I, Riser S (2003) Deep convection and brine rejection in the Japan Sea. Geophys Res Lett 30(4):1159
Talley L, Min D-H, Lobanov VB, Luchin VA, Ponomarev V, Salyuk A, Shcherbina A, Tishchenko P, Zhabin IA (2006) Japan/East Sea water masses and their relation to the sea’s circulation. Oceanography 19(3):32–49
Tamamura S, Sato T, Ota Y, Wang X, Tang N, Hayakawa K (2007) Long-range transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the eastern Asian continent to Kanazawa, Japan with Asian dust. Atmos Environ 41:2580–2593
Tenhulscher TEM, Van der Velde LE, Bruggeman WA (1992) Temperature dependence of Henry’s law constants for selected chlorobenzenes, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ Toxicol Chem 11:1595–1603
Tishchenko PY, Talley LD, Lobanov VB, Zhabin IA, Luchin VA, Nedashkovskii AP, Sagalaev SG, Chichkin RV, Shkirnikova EM, Ponomarev VI, Masten D, Kang D-J, Kim K-R (2003) Seasonal variability of the hydrochemical conditions in the sea of Japan. Oceanology Int 43(5):643–655
Tobiszewski M, Namiesnik J (2012) PAH diagnostic ratios for the identification of pollution emission sources. Environ Pollut 162:110–119
Wang L, Yang Z, Niu J, Wang J (2009) Characterization, ecological risk assessment and source diagnostics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water column of the Yellow River Delta, one of the most plenty biodiversity zones in the world. J Hazard Mater 169:460–465
Wang J-Z, Zhu C-Z, Chen T-H (2013) PAHs in the Chinese environment: levels, inventory mass, source and toxic potency assessment. Environ Sci Processes Impacts 15:1104–1112
Webster L, Russell M, Walsham P, Phillips LA, Packer G, Scurfield JA, Dalgarno EJ, Moffat CF (2008) Long term monitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in wild and rope grown blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from Scottish coastal waters. In: Fisheries research services internal report, Aberdeen, Dec 2008
Wu Y-L, Wang X-H, Li Y-Y, Hong H-S (2011) Occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in seawater from the western Taiwan Strait, China. Mar Pollut Bull 63:459–463
Yunker MB, Macdonald RW, Vingarzan R, Mitchell RH, Goyrttr D, Sylvestre S (2002) PAHs in the Fraser River basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition. Org Geochem 33:489–515
Zhabin IA, Abrosimova AA, Dubina VA, Dudarev OV, Yurasov GI (2009) Struktura i dinamika vod ust’evoi oblasti reki Amur (structure and dynamics of water in the near mouth area of the Amur River). In: Sostoyanie morskih ecosystem nahodyashchihsya pod vliyaniem stoka reki Amur (condition of marine ecosystems influenced by the Amur River flow). Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp 11–34
Zhang L, Dong L, Ren L, Shi S, Zhou L, Zhang T, Huang Y (2012) Concentration and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalic acid esters in the surface water of the Yangtze River Delta, China. J Environ Sci 24(2):335–342
Zhuravel EV, Chernyaev AP, Sokolova LI, Chudovskaya YM, Proshina MA (2015) Hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in the bottom sediments from the Nakhodka Bay (Peter the Great Bay, sea of Japan): assessment of pollution level and potential toxicity. Contemp Probl Ecol 8(6):772–779
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chizhova, T., Koudryashova, Y., Tishchenko, P., Lobanov, V. (2018). PAHs in the Northwestern Japan Sea. In: Hayakawa, K. (eds) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6775-4_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6775-4_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-6774-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-6775-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)