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Fly Ash-Induced Metabolic Adaptations in Three Ferns

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Plant Adaptation Strategies in Changing Environment

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Abstract

Three fern species, namely, Pteris vittata L, Ampelopteris prolifera (Retz.) Copel., and Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw., were grown on three different amendments of fly ash (FA) with garden soil (GS), viz., 100% GS as control, 50% FA+50% GS, and 100% FA. Their growth, metal accumulation, and response to antioxidants were evaluated. It was observed that all of these species accumulated significant amount of metals in their fronds and rhizomes (including rhizoids), while the amount of metal being accumulated by each fern varied. Results revealed that there was a significant increase in their biomass and photosynthetic pigments, for all the test species grown on 50% FA-amended GS in comparison to control; however, it further decreased in ferns grown on 100% FA, indicating that 50% FA amendment did not generate oxidative stress in ferns as well as it seems favorable substratum for fern growth.

Furthermore, while the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as melanoaldehydes (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) increased to a considerable extent in 50% FA amendment, it was found to be maximum in the case of 100% FA amendment. In all the species, the fronds accumulated more metals than rhizomes; they also experienced more oxidative stress as the activities of antioxidant enzymes were observed to be higher in frond’s biomass. Overall, the results of the experiment showed fly ash-induced metabolic adaptation in these ferns and further utility of these species in phytoremediation of toxic metals from fly ash as well as ecorestoration of fly ash landfills with the same species.

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Acknowledgment

We thank Directors, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P., and CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India, for motivation of collaborating research to exchange required research facilities. Alka Kumari is grateful to DST for providing financial support under WOS-A scheme (SR/WOS-A/LS-117/2008).

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  1. Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, UP, India

    Alka Kumari

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  1. Alka Kumari
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Correspondence to Alka Kumari .

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  1. School of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India

    Vertika Shukla

  2. School of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India

    Sanjeev Kumar

  3. Department of Environmental Science, School of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP, India

    Narendra Kumar

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Kumari, A. (2017). Fly Ash-Induced Metabolic Adaptations in Three Ferns. In: Shukla, V., Kumar, S., Kumar, N. (eds) Plant Adaptation Strategies in Changing Environment. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6744-0_7

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