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The Development and Diversity of ILCs, NK Cells and Their Relevance in Health and Diseases

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Book cover Regulation of Inflammatory Signaling in Health and Disease

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1024))

Abstract

Next to T and B cells, natural killer (NK) cells are the third largest lymphocyte population. They are recently re-categorized as innate lymphocytes (ILCs), which also include ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, and the lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells. Both NK cells and ILC1 cells are designated as group 1 ILCs because they secrete interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). However, in contrast to ILC1 and all other ILCs, NK cells possess potent cytolytic functions that resemble cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). In addition, NK cells express, in a stochastic manner, an array of germ line-encoded activating and inhibitory receptors that recognize the polymorphic regions of major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) molecules and self-proteins. Recognition of self renders NK cell tolerance to self-healthy tissues, but fail to recognize self (‘missing-self’) leads to activation to neoplastic transformation and infections of certain viruses. In this chapter, we will summarize the development of NK cells in the context of ILCs, describe the diversity of phenotype and function in blood and tissues, and discuss their involvement in health and diseases in humans.

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Abbreviations

CHILP:

Common helper ILC precursor

CLP:

Common lymphoid progenitor

CTL:

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

EILP:

Earliest ILC progenitors

Eomes:

Eomesodermin

Ets1:

ETS proto-oncogene 1

Gata3:

GATA-binding protein 3

ID2:

Inhibitor of DNA binding 2

IFN-γ:

Interferon gamma

ILC:

Innate lymphocyte

ILCP:

ILC progenitors

JAK1/3:

Janus kinase 1/3

LTi:

Lymphoid tissue inducer cells

MCMV:

Murine cytomegalovirus

Mef:

Myeloid elf-1-like factor

MHC-I:

Major histocompatibility class I

mTOR:

Mechanistic target of rapamycin

NFIL3:

Nuclear factor interleukin 3

NK:

Natural killer

PD-1:

Programmed cell death-1

PDK1:

3′-Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1

PLZF:

Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger

S1P1:

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1

T-bet:

T-cell-specific T-box transcription factor

TCF-1:

T-cell factor 1

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

TOX:

Thymocyte selection-associated high-mobility group box

TRAIL:

TNF-related apoptosis ligand

Zeb2:

Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2

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Acknowledgments

Y.Z. is supported by the Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center Start-up Fund (5001-3001032).

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  1. Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China

    Yuxia Zhang & Bing Huang

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  1. Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

    Dakang Xu

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Zhang, Y., Huang, B. (2017). The Development and Diversity of ILCs, NK Cells and Their Relevance in Health and Diseases. In: Xu, D. (eds) Regulation of Inflammatory Signaling in Health and Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1024. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5987-2_11

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