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Silicon Quantum Dots: From Synthesis to Bioapplications

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Bioactivity of Engineered Nanoparticles

Part of the book series: Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology ((NANOMED))

Abstract

Silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) represent a special class of nanomaterials with distinctive properties, being used in different applications such as photovoltaics, optoelectronics devices, and biomedical ones. They have excellent luminescence at UV irradiation, tunable band gap, and resistance against photobleaching compared to standard dyes. Being less toxic in comparison with conventional metal-containing QDs, they received growing research interest in the last decade as a more biocompatible alternative to which displayed toxicological concerns. There are several physical and chemical methods for Si QDs synthesis, each of them involving advantages and disadvantages. In physical methods, the experimental setup is very simple and parameters can be adjusted from outside in order to obtain the desired size of nanoparticles. Chemical methods seem to be attractive due to the huge scale of productions, but the purity control of the material and experimental setup are more complicated. For biomedical applications, many techniques have been established to achieve water-soluble Si QDs and for their conjugation with biomolecules that render them to specific biological targets. Si QDs have become powerful nanomaterials in various biomedical applications, a promising approach for in vivo imaging, tumor biology investigation, and cancer treatment. Besides of all these advantages, their characteristics can also trigger cytotoxicity in healthy cells by different mechanisms that have been in vitro and in vivo investigated in the last years. This chapter summarizes the major methods of synthesis and recent advances in bioconjugation strategies for preparing high-quality Si QDs, with a focus on their toxicity evaluation and bioapplications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095, Bucharest, Romania

    Miruna Silvia Stan & Anca Dinischiotu

  2. Laser Department, National Institute of Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor, 077125, Bucharest, Magurele, Romania

    Cornelia Sima

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  1. Miruna Silvia Stan
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  2. Cornelia Sima
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  3. Anca Dinischiotu
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Correspondence to Anca Dinischiotu .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China

    Bing Yan

  2. School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

    Hongyu Zhou

  3. Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA

    Jorge L. Gardea-Torresdey

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Stan, M.S., Sima, C., Dinischiotu, A. (2017). Silicon Quantum Dots: From Synthesis to Bioapplications. In: Yan, B., Zhou, H., Gardea-Torresdey, J. (eds) Bioactivity of Engineered Nanoparticles. Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5864-6_13

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