Soil Monitoring, Fertigation, and Irrigation System Using IoT for Agricultural Application

Abstract

India’s population reached beyond 1.2 billion and the population rate is increasing day-by-day; then after 25–30 years there will be a serious problem for food, so the development of agriculture is necessary. Today, the farmers are suffering from the lack of rains and scarcity of water. The main objective of the project is to provide an automatic irrigation system and also to check the amount of the three major macronutrients, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), in the soil thereby saving time, money, and power of the farmer. The N, P, and K amounts in the soil sample are determined by comparing the solution with color chart. This will describe the amount of N, P, and K as high, medium, and low. The traditional farm-land techniques require manual intervention. With the automated technology of irrigation the human intervention can be minimized. Whenever there is a change in temperature and humidity of the surroundings, these sensors sense the change in temperature and humidity and give an interrupt signal to ARM 7 Processor, thereby initiating the irrigation. All this functioning will be updated to the user by e-mail sent by the system PC through IoT.