Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Non-imaging Method: Doubly Labelled Water

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Best Practice Protocols for Physique Assessment in Sport

  • 1130 Accesses

Abstract

In athletes the doubly labelled water technique is a non-invasive way of measuring the rate of carbon dioxide production over a period of 7–14 days. It allows the determination of total body water and total energy expenditure. The technique requires an athlete to consume a stable isotope water known as doubly labelled water and then provide urine samples at several days post the initial ingestion. The most sensitive means of measuring the isotopes of deuterium and oxygen-18 in the samples is by isotope ratio mass spectroscopy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Blanc S, Colligan AS, Trabulsi J, Harris T, Everhart JE, Bauer D, Schoeller DA (2002) Influence of delayed isotopic equilibration in urine on the accuracy of the (2)H(2)(18)O method in the elderly. J Appl Physiol (1985) 92(3):1036–1044

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brigant L, Rozen R, Apfelbaum M (1993) Tritium dilution space measurement is not modified by a doubling in fluid intake. J Appl Physiol 75:412–415

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Calazel CM, Young VR, Evans WJ, Roberts SB (1993) Effect of fasting and feeding on measurement of carbon dioxide production using doubly labeled water. J Appl Physiol 74(4):1824–1829

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cole TJ, Coward WA (1992) Precision and accuracy of doubly labeled water energy expenditure by multipoint and two point methods. Am J Physiol 263:E965–E973

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goran MI, Beer WH, Wolfe RR, Poehlman ET, Young VR (1993) Variation in total energy expenditure in young healthy free-living men. Metabolism 42(4):487–496

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goran MI, Poehlman ET, Danforth E (1994) Experimental reliability of the doubly labeled water technique. Am J Physiol 266(3 Pt 1):E510–E515

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guo ZK, Cella LK, Baum C, Ravussin E, Schoeller DA (2000) De novo lipogenesis in adipose tissue of lean and obese women: application of deuterated water and isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 24(7):932–937

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones PJ, Leatherdale ST (1991) Stable isotopes in clinical research: safety reaffirmed. Clin Sci 80(4):277–280

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katz JJ (1960) The biology of heavy water. What happens to experimental organisms that have been raised on water in which the hydrogen is not the common isotope of mass one but the heavy isotope of mass two? Sci Am 203:106–116

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klein PD, Klein ER (1986) Stable isotopes: origins and safety. J Clin Pharmacol 26(6):378–382

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews DE, Gilker CD (1995) Impact of 2H and 18O pool size determinations on the calculation of total energy expenditure. Obes Res 3(Suppl 1):21–29

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prentice AM (ed) (1990) International Dietary Energy Consultancy Group. The doubly-labeled water method for measuring energy expenditure: Technical recommendations for use in humans. (A consensus report by the IDECG working group). 1990 edn. Nutritional and Health-Related Environmental Studies International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritz P (2000) Body water spaces and cellular hydration during healthy aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 904:474–483

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ritz P, Johnson PG, Coward WA (1994) Measurements of 2H and 18O in body water: analytical considerations and physiological implications. Br J Nutr 72:3–12

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts SB, Dietz W, Sharp T, Dallal GE, Hill JO (1995) Multiple laboratory comparison of the doubly labelled water technique. Obes Res 3(Suppl1):3–13

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schoeller DA (1988) Measurement of energy expenditure in free-living humans by using doubly labeled water. J Nutr 118:1278–1289

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schoeller DA, Leitch CA, Brown C (1986a) Doubly labelled water method: in vivo oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionation. Am J Physiol 251(20):R1137–R1143

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schoeller DA, Ravussin E, Schutz Y, Acheson KJ, Baertschi P, Jequier E (1986b) Energy expenditure by doubly labeled water: validation in humans and proposed calculation. Am J Physiol 250(19):R823–R830

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schoeller DA, van Santen E, Peterson DW, Dietz W, Jaspan J, Klein PD (1980) Total body water measurement in humans with 18O and 2H labeled water. Am J Clin Nutr 33:2686–2693

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seale J, Miles C, Bodwell CE (1989) Sensitivity of methods for calculating energy expenditure by use of doubly labeled water. J Appl Physiol 66(2):644–653

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Streat SJ, Beddoe AH, Hill GL (1985) Measurement of total body water in intensive care patients with fluid overload. Metabolism 34(7):688–694

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wada E (2009) Stable δ15N and δ13C isotope ratios in aquatic ecosystems. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci 85(3):98–107

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand

    Elaine C. Rush

Authors
  1. Elaine C. Rush
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elaine C. Rush .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand

    Patria A. Hume

  2. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, West Australia, Australia

    Deborah A. Kerr

  3. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, West Australia, Australia

    Timothy R. Ackland

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Rush, E.C. (2018). Non-imaging Method: Doubly Labelled Water. In: Hume, P., Kerr, D., Ackland, T. (eds) Best Practice Protocols for Physique Assessment in Sport. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5418-1_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5418-1_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-5417-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-5418-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation