Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Green Fluids from Vegetable Oil: Power Plant

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Vegetable Oil based Bio-lubricants and Transformer Fluids

Part of the book series: Materials Forming, Machining and Tribology ((MFMT))

Abstract

Biodegradability has become one of the most important design parameters both in the selection of base oil and in the overall formulation of the finished fluids for insulating liquid and lubricants at electrical power generation in the power plants. There is a continuing trend toward the use of “environmentally friendly” or more readily biodegradable fluids. Readily biodegradable fluids are one that breaks down in the environment at a specified time when evaluated by standard biodegradability tests; the fluids convert to lower molecular weight components that have essentially no environmental impact. Due to the depleting of petroleum resources and environmental concern, the demand for vegetable oil-based natural esters has increased as well. In this regard, the statistical development, degradation capability of vegetable oil (triglycerides) as lubricants and liquid insulators, and the properties of natural ester-based vegetable oil in the power plant have been investigated in this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Rizvi SQ (2009) Lubricant additives. In: A comprehensive review of lubricant chemistry, technology, selection, and design. ASTM International, West Conshohocken

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Betton CI (2010) Lubricants & their environmental impact. In: Mortier RM, Fox MF, Orszulik ST (eds) Chemistry and technology of lubricants. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 435–457

    Google Scholar 

  3. Pettersson A (2007) High-performance base fluids for environmentally adapted lubricants. Tribol Int 40(4):638–645

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Abdel-Azim AAA, Nassar AM, Ahmed NS, Kamal RS (2006) Preparation and evaluation of acrylate polymers as pour point depressants for lube oil. Pet Sci Technol 24(8):887–894

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ghosh P, Das M, Upadhyay M, Das T, Mandal A (2011) Synthesis and evaluation of acrylate polymers in lubricating oil. J Chem Eng Data 56:3752–3758

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Wu X, Zhang X, Yang S, Chen H, Wang D (2000) The study of epoxidized rapeseed oil used as a potential biodegradable lubricant. J Am Oil Chem Soc 77:561–563

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. (a). Sharma BK, Adhvaryu A, Erhan SZ (2006) Synthesis of hydroxyl thio-ether derivatives of vegetable oil. J Agric Food Chem 54(26):9866–9872. (b). Mohammed Aji, Shettima Abba Kyari, Gideon Zoaka (2015) Comparative Studies between bio lubricants from Jatropha, neem oil and mineral lubricant (Engen Super 20w/50). Appli Rese J 1(4):252–257

    Google Scholar 

  8. Maleque MA, Masjuki HH, Sapuan SM (2003) Vegetable-based biodegradable lubricating oil additives. Ind Lubr Tribol 55(3):137–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Ertugrul D, Filiz K (2004) Using cotton seed oil as environmentally accepted lubricant additive. Energy Sources 26:611–625

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Kammann KP Jr, Phillips AI (1985) Sulfurized vegetable oil products as lubricant additives. J Am Oil Chem Soc 62:917–923

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Fuks IG, Evdokimov AY, Dzhamalov AA, Luksa A (1992) Vegetable oils and animal fats as raw materials for the manufacture of commercial lubricants. Chem Technol Fuels Oils 28(4):230–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Sharma BK, Adhvaryu A, Erhan SZ (2006) Synthesis of hydroxyl thio-ether derivatives of vegetable oil. J Agric Food Chem 54(26):9866–9872

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ghosh P, Karmakar G (2013) Green additives for lubricating oils. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 1(11):1364–1370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Biresaw G, Asadauskas SJ, McClure TG (2012) Polysulfide and biobased extreme pressure additive performance in vegetable vs paraffinic oils. Ind Eng Chem Res 51:262–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Papay AG (1998) Antiwear and extreme pressure additives in lubricants. Lubr Sci 10(3):209–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Chin-Chung W, Lee-Yan S, Haw-Wen C (2001) Differential effects of garlic oil and its three major organosulfur components on the hepatic detoxification system in rats. J Agric Food Chem 50(2):378–383

    Google Scholar 

  17. Weinberg DS, Manier ML, Richardson MD, Haibach FG (1993) Identification and quantification of organosulfur compliance markers in a garlic extract. J Agric Food Chem 41(1):37–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Braun E, Buyanovskii I, Pravotorova E (2007) Reduction of amount of tribotests of lubricants with four-ball machine. J Frict Wear 28(3):300–305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. a. Thomas R, Achim F (2009) Sulfur carriers. In: Rudnick LR (ed) Lubricant additives: chemistry and applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton. b. Imran A, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Varman M, Hasmelidin M, Al Mahmud KAH, Shahir SA, Habibullah M (2013) Study of friction and wear characteristic of Jatropha oil blended lube oil. Procedia Eng 68:178–185

    Google Scholar 

  20. Li W, Jiang C, Chao M, Wang X (2014) Natural garlic oil as a high performance, environmentally friendly, extreme pressure additive in lubricating oils. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2:798–803

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Studt P (1989) Boundary lubrication: adsorption of oil additives on steel and ceramic surfaces and its influence on friction and wear. Tribol Int 22:111–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Daniel SG (1951) The adsorption on metal surfaces of long-chain polar compounds from hydrocarbon solutions. Trans Faraday Soc 47:1345–1359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. (a). Kipling JJ (1965) Adsorption from solutions of non-electrolytes. Academic Press, London, p 55. (b). Bowman WF, Stachowiak GW (1999) Application of sealed capsule differential scanning calorimetry - part II: assessing the performance of antioxidants and base oils. Lubr Eng 55(5):22–9

    Google Scholar 

  24. Hironaka S, Yahagi Y, Sakurai T (1975) Heats of adsorption and anti-wear properties of some surface active substance. Bull Jpn Petrol Inst 17(2):201–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Jahanmir S, Beltzer M (1986) An adsorption model for friction in boundary lubrication. ASLE Trans 29(3):423–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Nakayama K, Studt P (1991) Additive interaction and lubrication performance in polar additive binary system. Tribol Int 25:2

    Google Scholar 

  27. Arnsek A, Vizintin J (1999) Scuffing and load capacity of rapeseed-based oils. Lubr Eng 55:11–18

    Google Scholar 

  28. Gunsel S, Lockwood FE (1995) The influence of copper-containing additives on oil oxidation and corrosion. Tribol Trans 38:485–496

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Bob F, Dwight S (2010) The benefits of bio-based lubricants. Available in pdf from Gear Solutions: http://www.gearsolutions.com/article/detail/5990/the-benefits-of-bio-based-lubricants

  30. Bakunin VN, Yu Suslov A, Kuzmina GN, Parenago OP, Topchiev AV (2004) Synthesis and application of inorganic nanoparticles as lubricant components – a review, Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, Moscow, Russia. J Nanopart Res 6:273–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Choi SUS (1995) Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. In: Siginer DA, Wang HP (eds) Developments and applications of non-Newtonian flows. ASME, New York, pp 99–105

    Google Scholar 

  32. (a). Ji X, Chen Y, Zhao G, Wang X, Liu W (2011) Tribological properties of CaCO nanoparticles as an additive in lithium grease. Tribol. Lett 41:113–119. (b). Friedman H, Eidelman O, Feldman Y, Moshkovich A, Perfiliev V, Rapoport L, Cohen H, Yoffe A, Tenne R (2007) Fabrication of self-lubricating cobalt coatings on metal surfaces. Nanotechnol 18 doi:10.1088/0957-4484/18/11/115703

  33. Chaudhury MK (2003) Complex fluids: spread word about nanofluids. Nature 423:131–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Kleinstreuer C, Li J, Koo J (2008) Microfluidics of nano-drug delivery. Int J Heat Mass Transf 51:5590–5597

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. (a). Rapoport L, Fleischer N, Tenne R (2003) Fullerene-like WS nanoparticles: superior lubricants for harsh conditions. Adv Mater 15:651–655. (b). Cumings J, Zettl A (2000) Low-friction nanoscale linear bearing realized from multiwall carbon nanotubes. Sci 289:602–604. (c). Falvo MR, Taylor RM, Helser A, Chi V, Brooks FP Jr, Washburn S, Superfine R (1999) Nanometre-scale rolling and sliding of carbon nanotubes. Nature 397:236–238. (d) Akbulut M, Belman N, Golan Y, Israelachvili J (2006) Frictional properties of confined nanorods. Adv Mater 18:2589–2592

    Google Scholar 

  36. Salimon J, Salih N, Yousif E (2010) Biolubricants: raw materials, chemical modifications, and environmental benefits. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 112(5):519–530

    Google Scholar 

  37. Hahn S, Dott W, Eisentraeger A (2006) Characterization of aging behavior of environmentally acceptable lubricants based on trimethylolpropane esters. J Synth Lubr 23(4):223–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Pettersson A (2003) Tribological characterization of environmentally adapted ester based fluids. Tribol Int 36(11):815–820

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Hashem AI, Abou Elmagd WSI, Salem AE, El-Kasaby M, El-Nahas AM (2013) Conversion of some vegetable oils into synthetic lubricants. Energy Sources, Part A 35(5):397–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. (a). Fox NJ, Stachowiak GW (2007) Vegetable oil-based lubricants, a review of oxidation. Tribol Int 40(7):1035–1046. (b). Steve B (2002) Green lubricants. Environ Benefits Impacts Lubr Green Chem 4:293–307

    Google Scholar 

  41. Erhan SZ, Sharma BK, Liu Z, Adhvaryu A (2008) Lubricant base stock potential of chemically modified vegetable oils. J Agric Food Chem 56(19):8919–8925

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. (a). Erhan SZ, Asadauskas S (2000) Lubricant base stocks from vegetable oils. Ind Crops Prod 11(2–3):277–282. (b). Syaima MTS, Zamratul MIM, Noor IM, Rifdi WMWT (2014) Development of bio-lubricant from Jatropha curcas oils. IJRCMCE 1:10–12

    Google Scholar 

  43. Shashidhara YM, Jayaram SR (2010) Vegetable oils as a potential cutting fluid-an evolution. Tribol Int 43(5–6):1073–1081

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Sharma BK, Liu Z, Adhvaryu A, Erhan SZ (2008) One-pot synthesis of chemically modified vegetable oils. J Agric Food Chem 56(9):3049–3056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Campanella A, Rustoy E, Baldessari A, Baltanás MA (2010) Lubricants from chemically modified vegetable oils. Bioresour Technol 101(1):245–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Ozcelik B, Kuram E, Cetin MH, Demirbas E (2011) Experimental investigations of vegetable based cutting fluids with extreme pressure during turning of AISI 304L. Tribol Int 44(12):1864–1871

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Li W, Wu Y, Wang X, Liu W (2012) Tribological study of boron containing soybean lecithin as an environmentally friendly lubricant additive in synthetic base fluids. Tribol Lett 47(3):381–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. (a). Mohanti S (2001) Envirotech New Delhi www.envirotechindia.in/ (b). Amit Suhane, Sarviya RM, Rehman A, Khaira HK (2014) Prospects of vegetable oils for lubricant formulations in Indian perspectives. IJETR 2(12):2321–0869

  49. Gawrilow I (2004) Vegetable oil usage in lubricants. Oleochem Inform 15:702–705

    Google Scholar 

  50. Sharma BK, Adhvaryua A, Liu Z, Erhan SZ (2006) Chemical modification of vegetable oils for lubricant applications. J Am Oil Chem Soc 83:129–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Soni S, Agarwal M (2014) Lubricants from renewable energy sources – a review. Green Chem Lett Rev 7:359–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Nagendramma P, Kaul S (2012) Development of ecofriendly/biodegradable lubricants: an overview. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 16:764–774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Padmaja KV, Rao BVSK, Reddy RK, Bhaskar PS, Singh AK, Prasad RBN (2012) Undecenoic acid-based polyol esters as potential lubricant base stocks. Ind Crop Prod 35:237–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Arumugam S, Sriram G, Subhadra L (2012) Synthesis, chemical modification and tribological evaluation of plant oil as bio-degradable low temperature lubricant. Procedia Eng 38:1508–1517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Quinchia LA, Reddyhoff T, Delgado MA, Gallegos C, Spikes HA (2014) Tribological studies of potential vegetable oil-based lubricants containing environmentally friendly viscosity modifiers. Tribol Int 69:110–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Singh AK (2011) Castor oil-based lubricant reduces smoke emission in two-stroke engines. Ind Crop Prod 33:287–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Quinchia LA, Delgado MA, Valencia C, Franco JM, Gallegos C (2010) Viscosity modification of different vegetable oils with EVA copolymer for lubricant applications. Ind Crop Prod 32:245–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. (a). Campanella A, Rustoy E, Baldessari A, Baltanas MA (2010) Lubricants from chemically modified vegetable oils. Ind Crops Prod 101:245–254. (b). Bilal S, Mohammed-Dabo IA, Nuhu M, Kasim SA, Almustapha IH, Yamusa YA (2013) Production of biolubricant from Jatropha curcas seed oil. J Chem Eng Mater Sci 4:72–79

    Google Scholar 

  59. Gunderson RC, Hart AW (eds) (1962) Synthetic lubricants. Reinhold, New York

    Google Scholar 

  60. Randles SJ (1999) Esters. In: Rudnick LR, Shubkin RL (eds) Synthetic lubricants and high-performance functional fluids. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 63–102

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  61. Lathi P, Mattiasson M (2007) Green approach for the preparation of biodegradable lubricant base stock from epoxidized vegetable oil. Appl Catal B 9:207–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Jayadas N, Nair K (2006) Coconut oil as a base oil for industrial lubricants-evaluation and modification of thermal, oxidative and low-temperature properties. Tribol Int 39:873–878

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Lawal SA (2013) A review of application of vegetable oil-based cutting fluids in machining non-ferrous metals. Indian J Sci Technol 6:3951–3956

    Google Scholar 

  64. Rudnick LR (2006) Synthetics, mineral oils, and bio-based lubricants: chemistry and technology. CRC/Taylor & Francis Group, New York

    Google Scholar 

  65. Lazzeri L, Mazzoncini M, Rossi A, Balducci E, Bartolini G, Giovannelli L, Pedriali R, Petroselli R, Patalano G, Agnoletti G, Borgioli A, Croce B, Avino LD (2006) Biolubricants for the textile and tannery industries as an alternative to conventional mineral oils: an application experience in the Tuscany province. Ind Crop Prod 24:280–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Dietrich H (2002) Recent trends in environmentally friendly lubricants. J Synth Lubr 18:328–347

    Google Scholar 

  67. Liew Yun Hsien W (2015) Towards green lubrication in machining, springer briefs in green chemistry for sustainability. Springer, Malaysia

    Google Scholar 

  68. Samarth NB, Mahanwar PA (2015) Modified vegetable oil-based additives as a future polymeric material-review. Open J Organic Polym Mater 5:1–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Bartz WJ (1998) Lubricants and the environment. Tribol Int 31:35–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Bartz WJ (2006) Ecotribology: environmentally acceptable tribological practices. Tribol Int 39:728–733

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Fox NJ, Stachowiak GW (2007) Vegetable oil-based lubricants - a review of oxidation. Tribol Int 40:1035–1046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Joseph PV, Deepak S, Sharma DK (2007) Study of some non-edible vegetable oils of Indian origin for lubricant application. J Synth Lubr 24:181–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Goyan RL, Melley RE, Wissner PA, Ong WC (1998) Biodegradable lubricants. Lubr Eng 54(7):10–17

    Google Scholar 

  74. Chauhan PS, Chhibber VK (2013) Non-edible oil as a source of bio-lubricant for industrial applications: a review. Inter J Eng Sci Innov Technol 2(1):299–306

    Google Scholar 

  75. Lea CW (2002) European development of lubricants from renewable sources. Ind Lubr Tribol 54(6):268–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Asadauskas S, Perez JH, Duda JL (1997) Lubrication properties of castor oil–potential base stock for biodegradable. Lubr Eng 53(12):35–40

    Google Scholar 

  77. Masjuki HH, Maleque MA, Kubo A, Nonaka T (1990) Palm oil and mineral oil based lubricants-their tribological and emission performance. Tribol Int 32:305–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Maleque MA, Masjuki HH, Sapuan SM (2003) Vegetable based biodegradable lubricating oil additives. Ind Lubr technol 55(3):137–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Erhan SZ, Asadauskas S (2000) Lubricant base stocks from vegetable oils. Ind Crop Prod 11:277–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Bhatia VK, Chaudhry A, Sivasankaran GK, Bisht RPS, Kashyap M (1990) Modification of jojoba oil for lubricant formulations. JAOCS 67(1):1–7

    Google Scholar 

  81. Belgacem MN, Gandini A (2008) In: Belgacem MN, Gandini A (eds) Monomers, polymers, and composites from renewable resources. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 39–66

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  82. Bertrand Y, Hoang LC (2003) Vegetal oils as a substitute for mineral oils. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on properties applications of dielectric materials, Nagoya

    Google Scholar 

  83. Oommen TV, Claiborne CC, Walsh EJ, Baker JP (2000) A new vegetable oil based transformer fluid: development and verification, Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Annual Report Conference on, vol. 1. Victoria, pp 308–312

    Google Scholar 

  84. Oommen TV, Claiborne CC, Walsh EJ, Baker JP (1999) Biodegradable transformer fluid from high oleic vegetable oils, International Conference of Doble Clients, 1999

    Google Scholar 

  85. McShane P, Corkran J, Rapp K, Luksich J (2006) Natural ester dielectric fluid development, IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  86. Bertrand Y, Hoang LC (2004) Vegetable oils as a substitute for mineral insulating oils in medium voltage equipment, CIGRE, paper D1–202

    Google Scholar 

  87. Susilo A, Muslim J, Arief YZ, Muhamad NA, Hikita M, Kozako M, Tsuchie M, Suzuki T, Hatada S, Kanetani A, Kano T, Suwarno, Khayam U (2014) Comparative study of partial discharge characteristics and dissolved gas analysis on palm-based oil as insulating material. Power Engineering and Renewable Energy (ICPERE), International Conference on, Bali, pp 232–236

    Google Scholar 

  88. Gómez NA, Wilhelm HM, Santos CC, Stocco GB (2014) Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) of natural ester insulating fluids with different chemical compositions. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 21(3):1071–1078

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Arief YZ, Ahmad MH, Lau KY, Muhamad NA, Bashir N, Mohd NK, Huey LW, Kiat YS, Azli SA (2014) A comparative study on the effect of electrical aging on electrical properties of palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) and FR3 as dielectric materials. In Conference Proceeding - IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy, PECon 2014. [7062427] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, pp 128–133

    Google Scholar 

  90. Villarroel R, García D, García B, Burgos J (2015) Moisture diffusion coefficients of transformer pressboard insulation impregnated with natural esters. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 22(1):581–589

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Yao S, Li J, Li L, Liao R, Zhou J (2014) Comparison analysis to thermal aging properties of vegetable and mineral insulating oils, High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), International Conference on, Poznan, 2014, pp 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  92. Wang Z, Li J, Yang L, Liao R (2014) Characteristics of acid value in vegetable insulating oil during thermal aging, High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE), International Conference on, Poznan, 2014, pp 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  93. IEC 60422 Mineral insulating oils in electrical equipment supervision and maintenance guidance

    Google Scholar 

  94. IEC 61203 synthetic organic esters for electrical purposes- Guide for maintenance of transformer esters in equipment

    Google Scholar 

  95. D6871–03 (2008) Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester fluids Used in electrical apparatus

    Google Scholar 

  96. IEC 60944 (Ed. 1) -1988 Guide for Acceptance of Silicone Transformer Fluid and Its Maintenance in Transformers

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dielectric Materials Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Dhorali Gnanasekaran & Venkata Prasad Chavidi

Authors
  1. Dhorali Gnanasekaran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Venkata Prasad Chavidi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gnanasekaran, D., Chavidi, V.P. (2018). Green Fluids from Vegetable Oil: Power Plant. In: Vegetable Oil based Bio-lubricants and Transformer Fluids. Materials Forming, Machining and Tribology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4870-8_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4870-8_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-4869-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-4870-8

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation