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Pulmonary Vasoreactivity

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Biology of Vascular Smooth Muscle: Vasoconstriction and Dilatation

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Abstract

Pulmonary circulation is characterized by low intravascular arterial pressure and low vascular resistance. As compared with those of systemic circulation, pulmonary arteries have thinner walls with fewer vascular smooth muscles and exhibit a lower basal tone so that modest external forces can exert relatively large hemodynamic effects. The external forces include those resulted from changes in gravity due to postures and changes in lung volume during breathing. The pulmonary circulation accommodates the entire cardiac output. The accommodation of increased output of the right ventricle is mainly achieved by distension and recruitment of pulmonary vessels. Pulmonary vascular activity is regulated by various humoral and neuronal agents including those released from the endothelium. Pulmonary vascular tone is also affected by hypoxia, which causes vasoconstriction. Such a response diverts blood flow from less well-oxygenated to better-oxygenated locations in the lung so that perfusion is better matched to ventilation resulting to a more efficient gas exchange. If the hypoxic stimulus persists, vasoconstriction is accompanied by vascular remodeling, which may lead to the development of pulmonary hypertension.

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  1. Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China

    Yuansheng Gao

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Gao, Y. (2017). Pulmonary Vasoreactivity. In: Biology of Vascular Smooth Muscle: Vasoconstriction and Dilatation. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4810-4_17

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