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Mitochondria–Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Sites Mediate Innate Immune Responses

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Organelle Contact Sites

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 997))

Abstract

Mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are fundamental organelles that coordinate high-order cell functions. Mitochondria are centers of energy production, whereas the ER is responsible for folding, transport, and degradation of proteins. In addition to their specific functions, mitochondria and ER actively communicate with each other to promote a variety of cellular events, such as material transfer and signal transduction. Recent studies have shown the critical involvement of these organelles in regulation of the innate immune system, which functions in host defense. The innate immune system utilizes a wide range of germ-line-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and induces inflammatory and antiviral responses. Contact sites between mitochondria and the ER function in assembly of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-inflammasome to promote the inflammatory response. The NLRP3-inflammasome is a protein complex composed of the receptor NLRP3 on the ER side and the adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD on the mitochondrial side; it induces caspase-1-dependent maturation of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Furthermore, ER–mitochondria contact sites function in initiation and mediation of signal transduction pathways downstream of intracellular PRRs, such as retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptor and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, to promote the antiviral response. Therefore, ER–mitochondria contact sites, also known as mitochondria-associated membranes, play key roles in regulation of innate immune responses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA

    Takuma Misawa

  2. Division of Inflammation Biology, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan

    Michihiro Takahama & Tatsuya Saitoh

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  1. Takuma Misawa
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  2. Michihiro Takahama
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  3. Tatsuya Saitoh
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Correspondence to Tatsuya Saitoh .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan

    Mitsuo Tagaya

  2. Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

    Thomas Simmen

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Misawa, T., Takahama, M., Saitoh, T. (2017). Mitochondria–Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Sites Mediate Innate Immune Responses. In: Tagaya, M., Simmen, T. (eds) Organelle Contact Sites. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 997. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4567-7_14

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