Abstract
The community structure and the robustness are two important properties of networks for analyzing the functionality of complex systems. The community structure is crucial to understand the potential functionality of complex systems, while the robustness is indispensable to protect the functionality of complex systems from malicious attacks. When a network suffers from an unpredictable attack, its structural integrity would be damaged. It is essential to enhance community integrity of networks against multilevel targeted attacks. Coupled networks are extremely fragile because a node failure of a network would trigger a cascade of failures on the entire system. In reality, it is necessary to recover the damaged networks, and there are cascading failures in recovery processes. This chapter first introduces a greedy algorithm to enhance community integrity of networks against multilevel targeted attacks and then introduces a technique aiming at protecting several influential nodes for enhancing robustness of coupled networks under the recoveries.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Akkaya, K., Senel, F., Thimmapuram, A., Uludag, S.: Distributed recovery from network partitioning in movable sensor/actor networks via controlled mobility. IEEE Trans. Comput. 59(2), 258–271 (2010)
Albert, R., Albert, I., Nakarado, G.L.: Structural vulnerability of the North American power grid. Phys. Rev. E 69(2), 025,103 (2004)
Ammann, P., Jajodia, S., Liu, P.: Recovery from malicious transactions. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 14(5), 1167–1185 (2002)
Babaei, M., Ghassemieh, H., Jalili, M.: Cascading failure tolerance of modular small-world networks. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II: Express Briefs 58(8), 527–531 (2011)
Barabási, A.L., Albert, R.: Emergence of scaling in random networks. Science 286(5439), 509–512 (1999)
Blondel, V.D., Guillaume, J.L., Lambiotte, R., Lefebvre, E.: Fast unfolding of communities in large networks. J. Stat. Mech.: Theor. Exp. 2008(10), P10,008 (2008)
Brandes, U., Erlebach, T.: Network analysis: methodological foundations, vol. 3418. Springer Science & Business Media (2005)
Brin, S., Page, L.: The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual web search engine. Comput. Netw. ISDN Syst. 30(1), 107–117 (1998)
Buldyrev, S.V., Parshani, R., Paul, G., Stanley, H.E., Havlin, S.: Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks. Nature 464(7291), 1025–1028 (2010)
Chen, D., Lü, L., Shang, M.S., Zhang, Y.C., Zhou, T.: Identifying influential nodes in complex networks. Phys. A: Stat. Mech. Appl. 391(4), 1777–1787 (2012)
Cohen, R., Havlin, S., Ben-Avraham, D.: Efficient immunization strategies for computer networks and populations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(24), 247,901 (2003)
Erdos, P., Rényi, A.: On the evolution of random graphs. Publ. Math. Inst. Hung. Acad. Sci 5(1), 17–60 (1960)
Freeman, L.C.: Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification. Soc. Netw. 1(3), 215–239 (1978)
Gao, J., Buldyrev, S.V., Stanley, H.E., Havlin, S.: Networks formed from interdependent networks. Nat. Phys. 8(1), 40–48 (2012)
Girvan, M., Newman, M.E.: Community structure in social and biological networks. Proc. Nat. Acad Sci. 99(12), 7821–7826 (2002)
Gong, M., Cai, Q., Chen, X., Ma, L.: Complex network clustering by multiobjective discrete particle swarm optimization based on decomposition. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 18(1), 82–97 (2014)
Herrmann, H.J., Schneider, C.M., Moreira, A.A., Andrade Jr, J.S., Havlin, S.: Onion-like network topology enhances robustness against malicious attacks. J. Stat. Mech.: Theor. Exp. 2011(01), P01,027 (2011)
Holme, P., Kim, B.J., Yoon, C.N., Han, S.K.: Attack vulnerability of complex networks. Phys. Rev. E 65(5), 056,109 (2002)
Hoory, S., Linial, N., Wigderson, A.: Expander graphs and their applications. Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 43(4), 439–561 (2006)
Jiang, L.L., Perc, M.: Spreading of cooperative behaviour across interdependent groups. arXiv preprint arXiv:1310.4166 (2013)
Kvalbein, A., Hansen, A.F., Čičic, T., Gjessing, S., Lysne, O.: Multiple routing configurations for fast ip network recovery. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. (TON) 17(2), 473–486 (2009)
Liu, Y.Y., Slotine, J.J., Barabási, A.L.: Controllability of complex networks. Nature 473(7346), 167–173 (2011)
Lü, L., Zhang, Y.C., Yeung, C.H., Zhou, T.: Leaders in social networks, the delicious case. PloS one 6(6), e21,202 (2011)
Ma, L., Gong, M., Cai, Q., Jiao, L.: Enhancing community integrity of networks against multilevel targeted attacks. Phys. Rev. E 88(2), 022,810 (2013)
Ma, L., Gong, M., Liu, J., Cai, Q., Jiao, L.: Multi-level learning based memetic algorithm for community detection. Appl. Soft Comput. 19, 121–133 (2014)
Majdandzic, A., Podobnik, B., Buldyrev, S.V., Kenett, D.Y., Havlin, S., Stanley, H.E.: Spontaneous recovery in dynamical networks. Nat. Phys. 10(1), 34–38 (2014)
Milo, R., Itzkovitz, S., Kashtan, N., Levitt, R., Shen-Orr, S., Ayzenshtat, I., Sheffer, M., Alon, U.: Superfamilies of evolved and designed networks. Science 303(5663), 1538–1542 (2004)
Newman, A.: Introduction. Camden Third Series 94, vii–xiv (1963)
Nguyen, D.T., Shen, Y., Thai, M.T.: Detecting critical nodes in interdependent power networks for vulnerability assessment. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 4(1), 151–159 (2013)
Parshani, R., Buldyrev, S.V., Havlin, S.: Interdependent networks: reducing the coupling strength leads to a change from a first to second order percolation transition. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(4), 048,701 (2010)
Pei, S., Makse, H.A.: Spreading dynamics in complex networks. J. Stat. Mech.: Theor. Exp. 2013(12), P12,002 (2013)
Scheffer, M., van Nes, E.H.: Self-organized similarity, the evolutionary emergence of groups of similar species. Proc. Nat. Acad Sci. 103(16), 6230–6235 (2006)
Schneider, C.M., Moreira, A.A., Andrade, J.S., Havlin, S., Herrmann, H.J.: Mitigation of malicious attacks on networks. Proc. Nat. Acad Sci. 108(10), 3838–3841 (2011)
Šubelj, L., Bajec, M.: Robust network community detection using balanced propagation. Eur. Phys. J. B-Condens. Matter Complex Syst. 81(3), 353–362 (2011)
Um, J., Minnhagen, P., Kim, B.J.: Synchronization in interdependent networks. Chaos: Interdisc. J. Nonlinear Sci. 21(2), 025,106 (2011)
Wang, J.: Robustness of complex networks with the local protection strategy against cascading failures. Saf. Sci. 53, 219–225 (2013)
Watts, D.J., Strogatz, S.H.: Collective dynamics of small-world-networks. Nature 393(6684), 440–442 (1998)
Wu, Z.X., Holme, P.: Onion structure and network robustness. Phys. Rev. E 84(2), 026,106 (2011)
Zeng, A., Liu, W.: Enhancing network robustness against malicious attacks. Phys. Rev. E 85(6), 066,130 (2012)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gong, M., Cai, Q., Ma, L., Wang, S., Lei, Y. (2017). Network Robustness Analytics with Optimization. In: Computational Intelligence for Network Structure Analytics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4558-5_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4558-5_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-4557-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-4558-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)