Skip to main content

Combined Model Checking and Testing Create Confidence—A Case on Commercial Automotive Operating System

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cyber-Physical System Design from an Architecture Analysis Viewpoint

Abstract

The safety and reliability of automotive systems are becoming a big concern in our daily life. Recently, a functional safety standard which specializes in automotive systems has been proposed by the ISO. In addition, electrical throttle systems have been inspected by NHTSA and NASA due to the unintended acceleration problems of Toyota’s cars. In light of such recent circumstances, we are researching practical applications of formal methods to ensure the high quality of automotive operating systems. An operating system which we focus on is the one conforming to the OSEK/VDX standard. This chapter shows a case study where model checking is applied to a commercial automotive operating system. In this case study, the model checking is combined with testing in order to efficiently and effectively verify the operating system. As a result, we gained the confidence that the quality of the operating system is very high.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. ISO 26262 Road vehicles—functional safety (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Technical Assessment of Toyota Electronic Throttle Control Systems, NHTSA (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  3. OSEK/VDX Operating System Specication 2.2.3 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Specification of Operating System 4.0.0, AUTOSAR (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  5. L. Sha et al., Priority inheritance protocols: an approach to real-time synchronization. IEEE Trans. Comput. 39(9), 1175–1185 (1990)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. G.J. Holzmann, The Spin Model Checker (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  7. J. Penix et al., Verifying time partitioning in the DEOS scheduling kernel. Formal Methods Syst. Des. 26(2), 103–135 (2005)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. M. Dwyer, C. Pasareanu, Filter-based model checking of partial systems, in Foundations of Software Engineering (1998), pp. 189–202

    Google Scholar 

  9. K. Yatake, T. Aoki, Automatic generation of model checking scripts based on environment modeling, in International SPIN Workshop on Model Checking of Software (2010), pp. 58–75

    Google Scholar 

  10. Object: Unified Modeling Language: Superstructure, version 2.1.2 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  11. J. Warmer, A. Kleppe, The Object Constraint Language: Precise Modeling with UML (Addison-Wesley, Boston, 1999)

    Google Scholar 

  12. K. Yatake, T. Aoki, SMT-based enumeration of object graphs from UML class diagrams. ACM SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes 37(4), 1–8 (2012). International Workshop UML and Formal Methods

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. D. Lee, M. Yannakakis, Principles and methods of testing finite state machines—a survey. Proc. IEEE 84(8), 1090–1123 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. G. Fraser, F. Wotawa, P. Ammann, Testing with model checkers: a survey. J. Softw. Test. Verification Reliab. 19(3), 215–261 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. G. Klein, Operating system verification—an overview. Sādhanā 34(1), 26–69 (2009)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. G. Klein et al., seL4: formal verification of an OS kernel, in ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (2009), pp. 207–220

    Google Scholar 

  17. G. Klein et al., Comprehensive formal verification of an OS microkernel. ACM Trans. Comput. Syst. 32(1), 1–70 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. C. Pasareanu, DEOS kernel: environment modeling using LTL assumptions. NASA ames technical report NASA-ARC-IC-2000-196, NASA Ames Research Center (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  19. L. Zhu et al., Formalizing application programming interfaces of the OSEK/VDX operating system specification, in Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering (2011), pp. 27–34

    Google Scholar 

  20. E. Cohen et al., VCC: a practical system for verifying concurrent C, in International Conference on Theorem Proving in Higher Order Logics (2011), pp. 23–42

    Google Scholar 

  21. Y. Huang et al., Modeling and verifying the code-level OSEK/VDX operating system with CSP, in Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering (2011), pp. 142–149

    Google Scholar 

  22. PAT, Process Analysis Toolkit 2.9 User Manual. Software Engineering Lab, School of Computing, National University of Singapore (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Y. Choi, Safety analysis of trampoline os using model checking: an experience report, in International Symposium on Software, Reliability Engineering (2011), pp. 200–209

    Google Scholar 

  24. Y. Choi, Model checking trampoline OS: a case study on safety analysis for automotive software. Softw. Test. Verification Reliabil. 24(1), 38–60 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Trampoline—open source RTOS project, http://trampoline.rtssoftware.org

  26. K. Yatake, T. Aoki, Model checking of OSEK/VDX OS design model based on environment modeling, in International Colloquium on Theoretical Aspect of Computing (2012), pp. 183–197

    Google Scholar 

  27. J. Chen, T. Aoki, Conformance testing for OSEK/VDX operating system using model checking, in Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (2011), pp. 274–281

    Google Scholar 

  28. J.M. Spivey, The Z notation: a reference manual (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  29. IEC 61508: Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Y. Tahara, N. Yoshioka, K. Taguchi, T. Aoki, S. Honiden, Evolution of a course on model checking for practical applications. ACM SIGCSE Bull. 41(2), 38–44 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. H. Nishihara, K. Shinozaki, K. Hayamizu, T. Aoki, K. Taguchi, F. Kumeno, Model checking education for software engineers in Japan. ACM SIGCSE Bull. 41(2), 45–50 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Toshiaki Aoki .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Aoki, T., Satoh, M., Tani, M., Yatake, K., Kishi, T. (2017). Combined Model Checking and Testing Create Confidence—A Case on Commercial Automotive Operating System. In: Nakajima, S., Talpin, JP., Toyoshima, M., Yu, H. (eds) Cyber-Physical System Design from an Architecture Analysis Viewpoint. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4436-6_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4436-6_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-4435-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-4436-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics