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Exosomes: Nanocarriers of Biological Messages

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Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 998))

Abstract

Cell-cell communication is crucial to maintain homeostasis in multicellular organism. Cells communicate each other by direct contact or by releasing factors that, soluble or packaged in membrane vesicles, can reach different regions of the organism. To date numerous studies highlighted the existence of several types of extracellular vesicles that, differing for dimension, origin and contents, play a role in physiological and/or pathological processes. Among extracellular vesicles, exosomes are emerging as efficient players to modulate target cells phenotype and as new non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic tools in multiple diseases. They, in fact, strictly reflect the type and functional status of the producing cells and are able to deliver their contents even over a long distance. The results accumulated in the last two decades and collected in this chapter, indicated that exosomes, can carry RNAs, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, DNA, lipids, metabolites and proteins; a deeper understanding of their contents is therefore needed to get the most from this incredible cell product.

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Acknowledgment

Riccardo Alessandro received a grant (n°18783) from the Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC). Stefania Raimondo issupported by a “FIRC” (Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro) fellowship.

Conflict of Interests The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Author notes

  1. Alice Conigliaro, Simona Fontana and Stefania Raimondo contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy

    Alice Conigliaro

  2. Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90133, Italy

    Alice Conigliaro, Simona Fontana, Stefania Raimondo & Riccardo Alessandro

  3. Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy

    Riccardo Alessandro

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  1. Alice Conigliaro
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  2. Simona Fontana
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  4. Riccardo Alessandro
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Correspondence to Riccardo Alessandro .

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  1. Shanghai University , Shanghai, China

    Junjie Xiao

  2. Victor Babeş National Institute of Patho , Bucharest, Romania

    Sanda Cretoiu

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Conigliaro, A., Fontana, S., Raimondo, S., Alessandro, R. (2017). Exosomes: Nanocarriers of Biological Messages. In: Xiao, J., Cretoiu, S. (eds) Exosomes in Cardiovascular Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 998. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4397-0_2

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