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Intraductal Ultrasonography

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Biliopancreatic Endoscopy
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Abstract

There are several hollow or solid organs, visceral vessels, and even lymph nodes surrounding the biliary tree and pancreas; therefore, it is relatively complex for the clinicians to clearly visualize biliopancreatic anatomy. Ultrasonography (US) is usually the first diagnostic tool used for the evaluation of the possible biliopancreatic lesions. However, the diagnostic yield of US is limited by the poor penetration of the ultrasound beam due to interference from interposed intestinal gas or fatty tissues of the abdominal wall. It has been reported that the accuracy of US in demonstrating the cause of biliary tract obstruction is about 2/3 and the periampullary region is the most difficult area for US to clearly depict due to the interference of bowel gas [1]. Computed tomography (CT), widely used for the evaluation of biliopancreatic diseases, has the advantages of noninvasiveness, operator independence, and high technical achievement rate. However, CT carries the risks of radiation exposure and contrast-induced kidney injury or allergic reaction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has remained as a low-risk diagnostic technique with good performance for the assessment of biliopancreatic disorders. MRI is a time-consuming procedure; furthermore, the delineating ability will be diminished in subjects without sufficient fat planes or a biliary tree containing little fluid. Moreover, MRI is contraindicated in patients with claustrophobia or implantation of electronic devices. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) remains mainly as a therapeutic modality for biliopancreatic disorders, but it carries the risks of pancreatitis, cholangitis, hemorrhage, perforation, and even mortality.

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Chen, CH. (2018). Intraductal Ultrasonography. In: Lai, KH., Mo, LR., Wang, HP. (eds) Biliopancreatic Endoscopy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4367-3_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4367-3_15

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