Peripheral Vascular Disease: The Beneficial Effect of Exercise in Peripheral Vascular Diseases Based on Clinical Trials

Kannel WB, Mcgee DL (1985) Update on some epidemiologic features of intermittent claudication: the Framingham study. J Am Geriatr Soc 33(1):13CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Dumville JC, Lee AJ, Smith FB et al (2004) The health-related quality of life of people with peripheral arterial disease in the community: the Edinburgh artery study. Br J Gen Pract 54(508):826–831PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar

McDermott MM, Greenland P, Liu K et al (2001) Leg symptoms in peripheral arterial disease: associated clinical characteristics and functional impairment. JAMA 286(13):1599–1606CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Mcdermott MM, Greenland P, Liu K et al (2002) The ankle brachial index is associated with leg function and physical activity: the walking and leg circulation study. Ann Intern Med 136(12):873CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

McDermott MM, Liu K, Greenland P et al (2004) Functional decline in peripheral arterial disease: associations with the ankle brachial index and leg symptoms. JAMA 292(4):453–461CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Lauret GJ, Fakhry F, Fokkenrood HJ et al (2014) Modes of exercise training for intermittent claudication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:CD009638Google Scholar

Regensteiner JG, Hiatt WR, Coll JR et al (2008) The impact of peripheral arterial disease on health-related quality of life in the peripheral arterial disease awareness, risk, and treatment: new resources for survival (PARTNERS) program. Vasc Med 13(1):15–24CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Smolderen KG, Hoeks SE, Pedersen SS et al (2009) Lower-leg symptoms in peripheral arterial disease are associated with anxiety, depression, and anhedonia. Vasc Med 14(4):297–304CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Garg PK, Tian L, Criqui MH et al (2006) Physical activity during daily life and mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Circulation 114(3):242–248CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar

Hamburg NM, Balady GJ (2011) Exercise rehabilitation in peripheral artery disease: functional impact and mechanisms of benefits. Circulation 123(1):87–97CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar

Haas TL, Lloyd PG, Yang HT et al (2012) Exercise training and peripheral arterial disease. Compr Physiol 2(4):2933–3017PubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar

Stewart KJ, Hiatt WR, Regensteiner JG et al (2002) Exercise training for claudication. N Engl J Med 347(24):1941–1951CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR et al (2006) ACC/AHA 2005 practice guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American association for vascular surgery/society for vascular surgery, society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions, society for vascular medicine and biology, society of interventional radiology, and the ACC/AHA task force on practice guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease): endorsed by the American association of cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation; national heart, lung, and blood institute; society for vascular nursing; trans atlantic inter-society consensus; and vascular disease foundation. Circulation 113(11):e463–e654CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy JA et al (2007) Inter-society consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (TASC II). J Vasc Surg 45(Suppl S):S5–67CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Mcdermott MM, Ades P, Guralnik JM et al (2009) Treadmill exercise and resistance training in patients with peripheral arterial disease with and without intermittent claudication: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 50(1):234–235Google Scholar

Medicine ACoS (2010) Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Lippincott Williams and Wilkens, PhiladelphiaGoogle Scholar

Rehabilitation AAoCaP (2004) Guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programs. Human Kinetics, ChampaignGoogle Scholar

Guidon M, McGee H (2010) Exercise-based interventions and health-related quality of life in intermittent claudication: a 20-year (1989–2008) review. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 17(2):140–154CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Spronk S, White JV, Bosch JL et al (2007) Impact of claudication and its treatment on quality of life. Semin Vasc Surg 20(1):3–9CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Taft C, Karlsson J, Gelin J et al (2001) Treatment efficacy of intermittent claudication by invasive therapy, supervised physical exercise training compared to no treatment in unselected randomised patients II: one-year results of health-related quality of life. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 22(2):114–123CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Keo H, Grob E, Guggisberg F et al (2008) Long-term effects of supervised exercise training on walking capacity and quality of life in patients with intermittent claudication. Vasa 37(3):250–256CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Fulton D, Gratton JP, McCabe TJ et al (1999) Regulation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide production by the protein kinase Akt. Nature 399(6736):597–601CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar

Gardner AW, Poehlman ET (1995) Exercise rehabilitation programs for the treatment of claudication pain. A meta-analysis. JAMA 274(12):975–980CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Watson L, Ellis B, Leng GC (2008) Exercise for intermittent claudication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD000990Google Scholar

Hankey GJ, Norman PE, Eikelboom JW (2006) Medical treatment of peripheral arterial disease. JAMA 295(5):547–553CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Gokce N, Keaney JF Jr, Hunter LM et al (2003) Predictive value of noninvasively determined endothelial dysfunction for long-term cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral vascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 41(10):1769–1775CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Brevetti G, Silvestro A, Schiano V et al (2003) Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk prediction in peripheral arterial disease: additive value of flow-mediated dilation to ankle-brachial pressure index. Circulation 108(17):2093–2098CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Laughlin MH, Davis MJ, Secher NH et al (2012) Peripheral circulation. Compr Physiol 2(1):321–447CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Andersen P, Henriksson J (1977) Capillary supply of the quadriceps femoris muscle of man: adaptive response to exercise. J Physiol 270(3):677–690CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar

Brodal P, Ingjer F, Hermansen L (1977) Capillary supply of skeletal muscle fibers in untrained and endurance-trained men. Am J Phys 232(6):H705–H712Google Scholar

Ingjer F (1978) Maximal aerobic power related to the capillary supply of the quadriceps femoris muscle in man. Acta Physiol Scand 104(2):238–240CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Bendermacher BL, Willigendael EM, Teijink JA et al (2006) Supervised exercise therapy versus non-supervised exercise therapy for intermittent claudication, vol (2). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 19(2):CD005263Google Scholar

Thompson PDBD, Pina IL, Balady GJ, Williams MA, Marcus BH, Berra K, Blair SN, Costa F, Franklin B, Fletcher GF, Gordon NF, Pate RR, Rodriguez BL, Yancey AK, Wenger NK (2003) Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atheroscleroticcardiovascular disease: a statement from the council on clinical cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the council on nutrition, physical activity, and metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity). Circulation 107(24):3109–3116CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Murphy TP, Cutlip DE, Regensteiner JG et al (2012) Supervised exercise versus primary stenting for claudication resulting from aortoiliac peripheral artery disease: six-month outcomes from the claudication: exercise versus endoluminal revascularization (CLEVER) study. Circulation 125(1):130–139CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Gardner AW, Parker DE, Montgomery PS et al (2011) Efficacy of quantified home-based exercise and supervised exercise in patients with intermittent claudication: a randomized controlled trial. Circulation 123(5):491–498CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar

Asselt ADIV, Nicolaï SPA, Joore MA et al (2011) Cost-effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with intermittent claudication: supervised exercise therapy versus a ‘Go Home and Walk’ advice. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 41(1):97–103CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Tuner SL, Easton C, Wilson J et al (2008) Cardiopulmonary responses to treadmill and cycle ergometry exercise in patients with peripheral vascular disease. J Vasc Surg 47(1):123–130CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Zwierska I, Walker RD, Choksy SA et al (2005) Upper- vs lower-limb aerobic exercise rehabilitation in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Vasc Surg 42(6):1122CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Walker RD, Nawaz S, Wilkinson CH et al (2000) Influence of upper- and lower-limb exercise training on cardiovascular function and walking distances in patients with intermittent claudication. J Vasc Surg 31(4):662–669CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Bronas UG, Treat-Jacobson D, Leon AS (2011) Comparison of the effect of upper body-ergometry aerobic training vs treadmill training on central cardiorespiratory improvement and walking distance in patients with claudication. J Vasc Surg 53(6):1557–1564CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Collins EG, Langbein WE, Orebaugh C et al (2005) Cardiovascular training effect associated with polestriding exercise in patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Cardiovasc Nurs 20(3):177–185CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Collins EG, Edwin Langbein W, Orebaugh C et al (2003) Pole Striding exercise and vitamin E for management of peripheral vascular disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35(3):384–393CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Langbein WE, Collins EG, Orebaugh C et al (2002) Increasing exercise tolerance of persons limited by claudication pain using polestriding. J Vasc Surg 35(5):887CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Oakley C, Zwierska I, Tew G et al (2008) Nordic poles immediately improve walking distance in patients with intermittent claudication. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 36(6):689–694; discussion 695–686CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Collins EG, O’Connell S, McBurney C et al (2012) Comparison of walking with poles and traditional walking for peripheral arterial disease rehabilitation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 32(4):210–218CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar

Tebbutt N, Robinson L, Todhunter J et al (2011) A plantar flexion device exercise programme for patients with peripheral arterial disease: a randomised prospective feasibility study. Physiotherapy 97(3):244–249CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Perkins JM, Collin J, Creasy TS et al (1996) Exercise training versus angioplasty for stable claudication. Long and medium term results of a prospective, randomised trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 11(4):409–413CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Spronk S, Bosch JL, den Hoed PT et al (2009) Intermittent claudication: clinical effectiveness of endovascular revascularization versus supervised hospital-based exercise training – randomized controlled trial. Radiology 250(2):586–595CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Mazari FA, Gulati S, Rahman MN et al (2010) Early outcomes from a randomized, controlled trial of supervised exercise, angioplasty, and combined therapy in intermittent claudication. Ann Vasc Surg 24(1):69–79CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Treesak C, Kasemsup V, Treat-Jacobson D et al (2004) Cost-effectiveness of exercise training to improve claudication symptoms in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Vasc Med 9(4):279–285CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Lundgren F, Dahllöf AG, Lundholm K et al (1989) Intermittent claudication – surgical reconstruction or physical training? A prospective randomized trial of treatment efficiency. Ann Surg 209(3):346–355CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar

Bronas UG, Hirsch AT, Murphy T et al (2009) Design of the multicenter standardized supervised exercise training intervention for the claudication: exercise vs endoluminal revascularization (CLEVER) study. Vasc Med 14(4):313–321CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar