Abstract
Increasing concern about the environment, food and feed shortages, and hike in the price of petroleum has stimulated interest in the new ways of producing more bioenergy. The interest is rapidly increasing toward converting agricultural and industrial wastes to commercially valuable products. Waste disposal and pollution are inextricably linked. Unwanted residues that are usually perceived to be of negative value are described as waste. The production of citrus juice on an industrial level leads to a considerable quantity of solid and liquid residue (8–20 million tons year−1), which is considered as waste. Citrus processing residues possess no economic value. They are rich in soluble sugars, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and essential oils that could form the basis of several industrial processes. Possible applications of these waste residues include fertilizer, cattle feed, charcoal, adsorption of chemical compounds, bioethanol production, and extraction of essential oils and pectin.
The majority of waste disposal situations involve pollution of various kinds. Thus, the solid wastes and its disposal is one of the serious problems in developing countries, which require eco-friendly treatment options. The bioethanol made from citrus waste biomass can offer immediate and sustained greenhouse gas advantages and also solve the problem of its disposal. The study proposes alternatives for the minimization and recovery of solid and liquid residues generated in the production of citrus processing with a view of industrial plants for its reuse and value addition, thus saving environment from its hazards.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Beede DN, Bloom DE (1995) The economics of municipal waste. World Bank Res Obs 10(2):113–150
Beukering PV, Sehker M, Gerlagh R, Kumar V (1999) Analysing urban solid waste in developing countries: a perspective on bangalore, India. IVM, Amsterdam
Cherubini F (2010) The biorefinery concept: using biomass instead of oil for producing energy and chemicals. 51(7):1412–1421.
Cointreau SJ, de Kadt M (1991) Living with garbage: cities learn to recycle. Dev Forum:12–13
Cointreau SJ, Gunnerson CG, Huls JM, Seldman NNW (1984) Bank technology, Washington, DC, p 30
Dhillon SS, Gill RK, Gill SS, Singh M (2004) Studies on the utilization of citrus peel for pectinase production using Aspergillus niger. Int J Environ Stud 61(2):199–210
Fleming JS, Habibi S, MacLean HL (2006) Investigating the sustainability of lignocellulose-derived fuels for light-duty vehicles. Transp Res Part D: Transp Environ 11:146–159
Grohmann K, Baldwin EA (1992) Hydrolysis of orange peel with pectinase and cellulase enzymes. Biotechnol Lett 14:1169–1174
Grohmann K, Baldwin EA, Buslig BS (1994) Production of ethanol from enzymatically hydrolyzed orange peel by the yeast Saccharomyces-cerevisiae. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 45(6):315–327
Khadir Al K, Khan MM (2011) Production of citric acid from citrus fruit wastes by local isolate and MTCC 1784 Penicillium citrinum Strains. Int J Sci Adv Technol 1(8):7–11
Marin FR, Soler-Rivas C, Benavente-Garcia O, Castillo J, Perez-Alvarez JA (2007) By-products from different citrus processes as a source of customized functional fibers. Food Chem 100:736–741
Pourbafrani M, Forgacs G, Horvath IS, Niklasson C, Taherzadeh MJ (2010) Production of biofuels, limonene and pectin from citrus wastes. Bioresour Technol 101:4246–4250
Searcy E, Flynn PC (2008) Processing of Straw/Corn Stover: comparison of life cycle emissions. Int J Green Energy 5:423–437
Sims REH, Mabee W, Saddler JN, Taylor M (2010) An overview of second generation biofuel technologies. Bioresour Technol 101:1570–1580
Singhal S, Pandey S (2001) Solid waste management in India: status and future directions. J Times (TERI Inf Monit Environ Sci) 6(1):1–4
Tripodo MM, Lanuzza F, Micali G, Coppolino R, Nucita F (2004) Citrus waste recovery: a new environmentally friendly procedure to obtain animal feed. Bioresour Technol 91:111–115
Wilkins MR, Widmer WW, Grohmann K, Cameron RG (2007a) Hydrolysis of grapefruit peel waste with cellulase and pectinase enzymes. Bioresour Technol 98:1596–1601
Wilkins MR, Widmer WW, Grohmann K (2007b) Simultaneous Saccharifaction and fermentation of citrus peel waste by Saccharomyces cerevisae to produce ethanol. Process Biochem 42:1614–1619
Zhou W, Widmer W, Groman K (2007) Economic analysis of ethanol from citrus peel waste. Proc Fla State Hortic Soc 120:310–315
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kaur, A. (2017). Approaches to Agro-industrial Solid Waste Disposal and Bioenergy Generation. In: Kumar, R., Sharma, A., Ahluwalia, S. (eds) Advances in Environmental Biotechnology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4041-2_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4041-2_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-4040-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-4041-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)