Abstract
This chapter describes the (1) model structure of AIM/CGE (Asia-Pacific Integrated Model/Computable General Equilibrium), (2) data structure (social accounting matrix (SAM)), and (3) formula and list of sets, parameters, equations, and variables. The aim of this chapter is to present all equations written in the model which is used in the other chapter’s analysis and make the analysis made in this book transparent.
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Notes
- 1.
This is the default version classification, but if the long-term simulation like till 2100 is the objectives, household government and enterprises are treated as one aggregated representative household.
- 2.
Energy commodity has specific treatment. It is discussed below.
- 3.
Coal (COA), crude oil (OIL), natural gas (GAS), petroleum products (P_C), town gas (GDT), and electricity (ELY).
- 4.
The equations in the “international trade block” are involved only if you chose a global model.
- 5.
This equation is currently not used.
- 6.
Download from http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/index.php on 4 Aug. 2010.
- 7.
This equation is currently not used.
References
Bond TC, Bhardwaj E, Dong R, Jogani R, Jung S, Roden C, Streets DG, Fernandes S, Trautmann N (2007) Historical emissions of black and organic carbon aerosol from energy-related combustion, 1850–2000. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 21:GB2018. doi:10.1029/2006GB002840
EEA (Europe Environmental Agency) (2009) EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2009, No. 9
Hyman RC, Reilly JM, Babiker MH, De Masin A, Jacoby HD (2003) Modeling non-CO2 greenhouse gas abatement. Environ Model Assess 8:175–186
IPCC (2006) IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories, prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. In: Eggleston HS, Buendia L, Miwa K, Ngara T, Tanabe K (eds). IGES, Japan
Lofgren H, Harris RL, Robinson S (2002) A standard computable general equilibrium (CGE) model in GAMS, IFPRI
Masui T, Matsuoka Y, Kainuma M (2006) Long-term CO2 emission reduction scenarios in Japan. Environ Econ Policy Stud 7(3):347–366
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Mathematical Statement
Mathematical Statement
12.1.1 Sets
- a ∈ A :
-
: a set of activities
- a ∈ ACES(⊂A):
-
: a set for nonenergy transformation
- a ∈ ACES_ENE(⊂A):
-
: a set of activities with a CES function at energy nest
- a ∈ ALEO(⊂A):
-
: a set for energy transformation
- a ∈ ALEO_ENE(⊂A):
-
: a set of activities with a CES function at energy nest
- aagg ∈ Aagg :
-
: a set of aggregated activity
- c ∈ C :
-
: a set of commodities (also referred to as c’ and C’)
- C_CCS :
-
: a set of CCS service
- c ∈ CD(⊂C):
-
: a set of commodities with domestic sales of domestic output
- c ∈ CDN(⊂C):
-
: commodities without domestic market sales of domestic output (complement of CD)
- c ∈ CE(⊂C):
-
: a set of exported commodities (with domestic production)
- c ∈ CEN(⊂C):
-
: non-exported commodities (complement of CE)
- c ∈ CM(⊂C):
-
: a set of imported commodities
- c ∈ CMN(⊂C):
-
: a set of nonimported commodities
- c ∈ CNEN :
-
: a set of nonenergy commodities
- c ∈ C_TRS :
-
: a set of transport service
- c ∈ CX(⊂C):
-
: a set of commodities with domestic output
- c ∈ ENE :
-
: a set of energy commodities (COM_COA, COM_OIL, COM_GAS, COM_P_P, COM_COP, COM_ELY, COM_GDT)
- c ∈ ENEENDMAP(c, K_END):
-
: Mapping for enduse energy kinds and commodity
- ch ∈ CH :
-
: household commodity category ch
- emcm ∈ EMCM :
-
: a subset of emission reduction countermeasures
- emcm ∈ EMCM0(⊂EMCM):
-
: a subset of emission reduction countermeasures which are for nonenergy-related emissions
- emcm ∈ EMCM1(⊂EMCM):
-
: a subset of emission reduction countermeasures which are for energy-related emissions
- emcm ∈ EMCM2(⊂EMCM):
-
: a subset of emission reduction countermeasures which are for biomass power plant absorption
- emcm ∈ EMCM :
-
: a set of emission reduction countermeasures (CCS)
- f ∈ F(=F ′):
-
: a set of factors
- f ∈ FCAP(=F):
-
: a set of capital (new and old, “ncap” and “cap”)
- f ∈ F lab :
-
: labor (skilled and unskilled labor)
- g ∈ G :
-
: a set of emission gases
- h ∈ H(⊂INSDNG):
-
: a set of households
- i ∈ INS :
-
: a set of institutions (domestic and rest of the world)
- i ∈ INSD(⊂INS):
-
: a set of institutions (domestic and rest of the world)
- i ∈ INSDNG(⊂INSD):
-
: a set of domestic nongovernment institutions
- emsc ∈ EMSC :
-
: a set of emission sources
- i ∈ I :
-
: energy service i
- k ∈ K_END :
-
: energy kind for end-use device
- l ∈ L :
-
: end-use device l
- LI(l, i):
-
: mapping device l and energy service i
- r ∈ R :
-
: a set of regions
- ragg ∈ Ragg :
-
: a set of aggregated regions
- t ∈ T :
-
: a set of time series
- tc ∈ TC :
-
: a set of technology
- tr ∈ TR :
-
: a set of transport mode
12.1.2 Parameters
12.1.2.1 Latin Letters
- ad r,ac,l,i :
-
: supply output of service i per operating unit of device l in sector ac (same as specific service output)
- \( {aeei}_{r, c, ac}^t \) :
-
: annual AEEI rate of energy commodity c, sector ac, time t, and region r
- Baseyear :
-
: base year
- bioc r,ac :
-
: biomass consumption coefficient to the activity level of sector ac
- biod r,ac :
-
: decreasing rate of biomass consumption of sector ac
- careneeff r,h :
-
: household passenger car energy coefficient
- cdst_wd :
-
: conversion factor for carbon density
- cf_v2t :
-
: conversion factor from volume to ton
- CPI_base r :
-
: base year’s CPI
- crt_in r :
-
: transfer from rest of the world
- crt_out r :
-
: transfer to rest of the world
- cwts r,c :
-
: weight of commodity c in the consumer price index
- \( {dep}_r^t \) :
-
: capital depreciation rate in time t and region r
- dfpq r,c,I :
-
: price differences of commodity price among inputs sectors
- dis_exp r,c :
-
: price difference of the export commodity c
- dis_imp r,c :
-
: price difference of the import commodity c
- dwts r,c :
-
: weight of commodity c in the producer price index
- ecfneng r,g :
-
: emission coefficient of nonenergy-related emissions
- ecf_gdpela r,r :
-
: elasticity of Fgas to GDP increase in region r, gas g.
- ecoefluc ,fl,sprl :
-
: land-use change emission coefficient AEZ fl, region r, land classification sprl
- efacl r,ac,g,emsc :
-
: emission factors for emissions related to activity level by sector ac, energy source emsc,
- efbio r,ac,g :
-
: emission factors for emissions fossil fuel combustion by sector ac
- efffc r,c,ac,g :
-
: emission factors for emissions fossil fuel combustion by sector ac consuming of goods c
- efint_trs tr,c,g :
-
: international transport emissions coefficients
- EH_base r,h :
-
: household expenditure of base year
- \( {el}_{r, c, h}^{carh} \) :
-
: price elasticity parameter of Logit function for transport mode energy source selection
- \( {el}_{r, c, a}^{inden} \) :
-
: price elasticity parameter of Logit function for industrial activity energy source selection
- \( {el}_{r, tr}^{pssincome} \) :
-
: passenger transport income elasticity
- \( {el}_{r, c, a}^{trsen} \) :
-
: price elasticity parameter of Logit function for transport mode energy source selection
- \( {el}_{r, tr}^{trspr} \) :
-
: transport energy demand price elasticity
- emcoef_end r,ac,K_END,g :
-
: emission coefficient for end-use device
- end_ped_base r,K_END,ac :
-
: base energy price of end-use stock
- enur r,c,ac :
-
: energy-used ratio (1-nonenergy-use ratio)
- ewts r,c :
-
: weight of commodity c in the export price index
- faceff r,c,a,* :
-
: old and new capital efficiency parameter (only used for power sectors)
- \( fac\_{gr}_{r, f}^t \) :
-
: expected factor input growth rate (calculated by 12.5.1 and 12.5.2)
- fcmult r,f,a :
-
: productivity shifter of factor f in activity a
- \( gdp\_{gr_r^t}^{\ast } \) :
-
: expected GDP growth target (annual growth rate)
- gdp_base r :
-
: base-year GDP of region r.
- \( \overline{ghgc_r} \) :
-
: GHG emission constraint
- \( \overline{{ghgt\_\mathit{\exp}\_ cap}_r} \) :
-
: GHG emission trading (export) limit
- \( \overline{{ghgt\_ imp\_ cap}_r} \) :
-
: GHG emission trading (import) limit
- gwp g :
-
: global warming potential of gas g
- gwts r,c :
-
: weight of commodity c in the government price index
- ica r,c,a :
-
: quantity of c per unit of aggregate intermediate input a
- ied r,ac,l,K_END :
-
: energy use of energy kind k per operating unit (or specific energy input) of device l in sector ac region r
- iena r,a :
-
: quantity of aggregate energy input per activity unit
- iene r,c,a :
-
: energy commodity consumption ratio
- indserincel r,a :
-
: output elasticity of energy service demand of industry
- inta r,a :
-
: quantity of aggregate nonenergy intermediate input per activity unit
- inttrenecoeft r,c :
-
: international transport energy coefficient
- invc r,ac,l :
-
: annualized investment cost per unit of combination of device l in sector ac and region r
- ires r,a :
-
: quantity of aggregate resource input per activity unit
- iva r,a :
-
: quantity of value added per activity unit
- ivae r,a :
-
: quantity of value-added energy composite per activity unit
- ivfa r,f,a :
-
: input coefficient of factors for Leontief inputs
- iwts r,c :
-
: weight of commodity c in the capital formation price index
- \( {labor\_ stock}_r^t \) :
-
: labor stock in time t and region r
- \( {lab\_ gr}_r^t \) :
-
: labor stock (annual) growth rate in time t and region r
- landeff r,f,a :
-
: land productivity coefficient
- loss r,c :
-
: distribution loss rate
- mps01r,i :
-
: 0–1 parameter with 1 for institutions with potentially flexed direct tax rates
- mwts r,c :
-
: weight of commodity c in the import price index
- oped r,ac,l :
-
: operating cost except for energy per unit of combination of device l in sector ac and region r
- pasch r,h :
-
: income elasticity of passenger car service demand
- pcaru r,h :
-
: household passenger car service demand in base year
- pene_tr_base r,tr :
-
: energy price of transport mode tr in base year
- plandt_ini , r,fl :
-
: total unused land price
- poph r,h :
-
: population of household h
- pres_base r,a :
-
: resource price (normally 1)
- prluch y,r,fl :
-
: prior year’s land-use change
- Pyear :
-
: the calculation year
- qe_up r,c :
-
: export constraint
- qfrspre r,fl,sprl :
-
: previous year’s primary land area AEZ fl, region r, land classification sprl
- qlandtotara r,fl :
-
: total AEZ arable land
- quotaqa ragg,aagg :
-
: quota of aggregated region ragg and aggregated activity aagg
- renew_up r,a :
-
: capacity of the activity level a (for power sector energy)
- resserincel r,h :
-
: income elasticity of energy service demand of household
- sd_base r,a,i :
-
: base service demand coefficient of industry
- sd_base r,h,i :
-
: base service demand coefficient of household
- sh_ely_up r,a :
-
: power generation share of activity a
- shii_resource r,I :
-
: a ratio of transfer to institution i of total transfer in a country
- shii_use r,I :
-
: share of net income of i
- shif r,i,f :
-
: share of domestic institution i in income of factor f
- shincome r,I :
-
: total income share of GHG emission cost for institution i
- shres r,I :
-
: resource income share of institution i
- stch r,c :
-
: stock change of commodity c (positive)
- stch2 r,c :
-
: stock change of commodity c (negative)
- stka_pre r,ac,l :
-
: previous year’s stock of combination of device l in sector ac
- ta r,a :
-
: tax rate for activity
- te r,c :
-
: export tax rate
- tf r,f :
-
: direct tax rate for factor f
- tins01r,i :
-
: 0.1 parameter with 1 for institutions with potentially flexed direct tax rates
- tm r,c :
-
: import tariff rate
- tq r,c,ac :
-
: rate of sales tax (as share of composite price inclusive of sales tax). Suffix ac includes activity a and institution i
- transfr_crt_in r :
-
: current transfer from rest of the world
- transfr_crt_out r :
-
: current transfer to rest of the world
- transfr r,f :
-
: factor transfer to abroad
- transfr_f r,f :
-
: factor transfer from abroad
- trscvf r,tr,ac :
-
: transport service demand by modes
- trseneeffi r,tr :
-
: transport energy efficiency
- trspc_enecoef r,h,c :
-
: passenger transport industry and residential efficiency difference
- trscef r,tr :
-
: passenger transport demand coefficient
- tsh c :
-
: share of international trade service to world total international trade service
- tva r,a :
-
: rate of value-added tax for activity a
- tw r,c :
-
: international trade cost ratio
- Year y :
-
: year order (ex; base year is 1)
12.1.2.2 Greek Letters
- \( {\alpha}_{r, c}^{ac} \) :
-
: shift parameter for domestic commodity aggregation function
- \( {\alpha}_{r, c}^q \) :
-
: an Armington function shift parameter
- \( {\alpha}_{r, c}^t \) :
-
: a CET function shift parameter
- \( {\alpha}_{a, tc}^{tech} \) :
-
: share parameter for technology Logit selection function
- \( {\alpha}_{r, a}^{va} \) :
-
: efficiency parameter in the CES value-added function
- \( {\alpha_{r, a}^{va}}^{\ast } \) :
-
: adjusted efficiency parameter in the CES value-added function
- \( {\alpha}_{r, a}^{vae} \) :
-
: efficiency parameter in the CES energy and value-added function
- α bms fl :
-
: a parameter of biomass stock
- \( {\beta}_{r, c, h}^{carh} \) :
-
: share parameter of Logit function for household car energy source selection
- \( {\beta}_{r, c, a}^{inden} \) :
-
: share parameter of Logit function for industrial activity energy source selection
- \( {\beta}_{r, ch, h}^m \) :
-
: marginal share of consumption spending on marketed commodity ch for household h
- \( {\beta}_{r, a, tc}^{tech} \) :
-
: exponent of technology Logit selection
- \( {\beta}_{r, c, tr}^{trsen} \) :
-
: share parameter of Logit function for transport mode energy source selection
- \( {\lambda}_{r, ac, l}^d \) :
-
: operating rate of device l in sector ac
- \( {\lambda}_c^w \) :
-
: depreciation rate of traded commodity c
- \( {\rho}_{r, c}^{ac} \) :
-
: domestic commodity aggregation function exponent
- \( {\rho}_{r, fl}^{ara} \) :
-
: exponent parameter of arable land input
- \( {\rho}_{r, a}^{ltc} \) :
-
: exponent parameter crop input
- \( {\rho}_{r, fl}^{ltc} \) :
-
: exponent parameter grazing input
- \( {\rho}_{r, fl}^{ltf} \) :
-
: exponent parameter agriculture and forestry input
- \( {\rho}_{r, c}^q \) :
-
: an Armington function exponent
- \( {\rho}_{r, c}^t \) :
-
: a CET function exponent
- \( {\rho}_{r, a}^{ls} \) :
-
: exponent parameter of AEZ input function
- \( {\rho}_{r, fl}^{ltt} \) :
-
: exponent parameter crop and grazing input
- \( {\rho}_{r, a}^{va} \) :
-
: CES value-added function exponent
- \( {\rho}_{r, a}^{vae} \) :
-
: CES energy and value-added function exponent
- \( {\delta}_{r, a, c}^{ac} \) :
-
: shift parameter for domestic commodity aggregation function
- \( {\delta}_{r, fl,\ast}^{ara} \) :
-
: share parameter of arable land input
- \( {\delta}_{r, fl}^{ltc} \) :
-
: share parameter of crop AEZ input
- \( {\delta}_{r, fl}^{ltc} \) :
-
: share parameter of grazing AEZ input
- \( {\delta}_{r, fl, a}^{ls} \) :
-
: share parameter of AEZ input
- \( {\delta}_{r, fl}^{ltf} \) :
-
: share parameter of agriculture and forestry input
- \( {\delta}_{r, fl}^{ltt} \) :
-
: share parameter of crop and grazing input
- \( {\delta}_{r, c}^q \) :
-
: an Armington function share parameter
- \( {\delta}_{r, c}^t \) :
-
: a CET function share parameter
- \( {\delta}_{r, a}^{va} \) :
-
: CES value-added function share parameter for factor f in activity a
- \( {\delta}_{r, a}^{vae} \) :
-
: CES energy and value-added function share parameter in activity a
- θ r,a,c :
-
: yield of output c per unit of activity a
- \( {\psi}_{r, a, c}^{ac} \) :
-
: share parameter
- \( {\psi}_{r, c}^m \) :
-
: scale parameter for import share of commodity c
- \( {\psi_2}_{r, c}^m \) :
-
: scale parameter for domestically produced goods share of commodity c
- \( {\psi}_{r, c}^t \) :
-
: scale parameter for export share of commodity c
- \( {\psi_2}_{r, c}^t \) :
-
: scale parameter for domestically produced share of commodity c
- \( {\eta}_{r, a, c}^{ac} \) :
-
: elasticity of domestic commodity aggregation
- \( {}^{\eta_{r, ac, l}^{end}} \) :
-
: exponent of Logit function
- \( {\eta}_{r, c}^m \) :
-
: elasticity of domestic consumption commodity aggregation
- \( {\eta}_{r, c}^t \) :
-
: elasticity of domestic produced commodity aggregation
- \( {\sigma}_{r, a, g, emsc}^{ghg} \) :
-
: elasticity of the additional emission reductions of nonenergy-related emissions
- σghg_int :
-
: parameter for a MAC curve of international transport CO2 reduction
- σghg_hfc r,g :
-
: parameter for a MAC curve of international transport CO2 reduction
- ς r,a :
-
: a parameter for operation ratio
- θh r,ch,h :
-
: subsistence consumption of household commodity category ch for household h
- αh r,ch,h :
-
: a parameter for AIDADS
- βh r,ch,h :
-
: a parameter for AIDADS
- τ l :
-
: lifetime of device l
- φ r,ac,i :
-
: a measure of service efficiency of service type i in sector ac region r
12.1.3 Exogenous Variables
- \( \overline{DTINS_{r, i}} \) :
-
: change in domestic institution tax share (= 0 for base; exogenous variable)
- \( \overline{FSAV_r} \) :
-
: foreign savings (FCU) (exogenous variable)
- \( \overline{GADJ_r} \) :
-
: government consumption adjustment factor (exogenous variable)
- \( \overline{ghgc_r} \) :
-
: GHG emission constraint
- \( \overline{{ghgt\_ imp\_ cap}_r} \) :
-
: GHG emission trading (import) limit
- \( \overline{{ghgt\_\mathit{\exp}\_ cap}_r} \) :
-
: GHG emission trading (export) limit
- \( \overline{ghgtot\_ c} \) :
-
: global GHG emission constraint
- \( \overline{mps_{r, i}} \) :
-
: base savings rate for domestic institution i
- \( \overline{MPSADJ_r} \) :
-
: savings rate scaling factor (= 0 for base)
- \( {\overline{QFS}}_{r, f} \) :
-
: quantity supplied of factor (exogenous variable)
- \( \overline{qg_{r, c}} \) :
-
: government consumption adjustment factor (exogenous variable)
- \( \overline{qinv_{r, c}} \) :
-
: base-year quantity of fixed investment demand
- \( \overline{tins_{r, i}} \) :
-
: rate of direct tax on domestic institutions i
- \( \overline{TINSADJ_r} \) :
-
: direct tax scaling factor (= 0 for base; exogenous variable)
- \( \overset{-}{{trnsfr\_ CRT}_{r," gov"}} \) :
-
: governmental transfer in base year
12.1.4 Endogenous Variables
- BFRATIO r,ac,i :
-
: end-use biofuel ratio
- COPR r,a :
-
: operation ratio
- CPI r :
-
: consumer price index (exogenous variable)
- DELTA_AD2 r,c :
-
: adjustment variable for export constraint
- DMPS r :
-
: 0–1 parameter with 1 for institutions with potentially flexed direct tax rates
- DPI r :
-
: producer price index for domestically marketed output
- EG r :
-
: government expenditures
- EH r,h :
-
: household consumption expenditures
- EH_base r,h :
-
: household expenditure of base year
- EMALI r,a,g,emsc :
-
: emissions nonenergy-related emission by industrial activity a, energy source emsc
- EMALH r,h,g.emsc :
-
: emissions related to activity level by household h, emission source emsc
- EMBIH r,h,g :
-
: emissions related to biomass combustion emitted by household h
- EMBII r,a,g :
-
: emissions related to biomass combustion emitted by industrial activity a
- EMFFH r,c,h,g :
-
: emissions related to fossil fuel combustion emitted by household h consumption of goods c
- EMFFI r,c,a,g :
-
: emissions related to fossil fuel combustion emitted by industrial activity a consuming of goods c
- EMFFINT tr,g :
-
: gas g emissions from international transport
- EMNEG r,g :
-
: nonenergy-related emissions C2F6, SF6, CF4, and HFCs
- END_ENE r,ac,i,K_END :
-
: energy use of service i in end-use energy
- END_PCOST r,ac,l :
-
: end-use device price
- END_PED r , K_END , ac :
-
: end-use energy price
- END_QEOR r,ac,i :
-
: end-use device (not working)
- END_QR r,ac,l :
-
: end-use device new investment
- END_QRT r,ac,i :
-
: end-use total new investment for service
- END_QXD r,ac,l :
-
: end-use device stock operation
- END_STK r,ac,l :
-
: end-use device stock
- EPI r :
-
: export price index
- EXR r :
-
: exchange rate country r
- GDP r :
-
: GDP of region r
- GHGCA_NENE r,a :
-
: GHG emission cost related biomass burning and CCS negative emissions of activity a in region r
- GHGCA_NENE r,a :
-
: GHG emission cost related to nonenergy consumption
- GHGTCOST r :
-
: GHG emission cost
- GHGT_CT r :
-
: GHG emission from region r (CO2 equivalent) includes emission permit import
- GHGT r :
-
: GHG emission from region r (CO2 equivalent)
- GHG_IMP r :
-
: GHG emission credit import (net)
- GPI r :
-
: government price index
- GSAV r :
-
: government savings
- IADJ r :
-
: investment adjustment factor (exogenous variable)
- IPI r :
-
: capital formation price index
- MPI r :
-
: import price index
- MPS r,I :
-
: marginal propensity to save for domestic nongovernment institution (exogenous variable)
- NERED r,a,g,emsc :
-
: emission reduction caused by the GHG emission price, energy source emsc
- PAGRT r,fl :
-
: agriculture AEZ-aggregated land price
- PA r,a :
-
: activity price (gross revenue per activity unit)
- PCROP r,fl :
-
: crop field AEZ-aggregated land price
- PDD r,c :
-
: demand price for commodity produced and sold domestically
- PDS r,c :
-
: supply price for commodity produced and sold domestically
- PENE r,a :
-
: price of (aggregate) energy input
- PE_base r,c :
-
: base year’s PE
- PE r,c :
-
: export price of commodity c
- \( {PENE}_{r, a}^{bau} \) :
-
: energy price (BaUcase)
- PENE_TR r,tr :
-
: energy price of transport mode tr
- PGHG_EXP_QUO r :
-
: GHG emission price generated by export quota
- PGHG_G :
-
: GHG emission price corresponding to the global emission constraint
- PGHG_G r :
-
: global GHG emission price
- PGHG_IMP_QUO r :
-
: GHG emission price generated by import quota
- PGHG r :
-
: GHG emission price in region r (US$/tCO2)
- PGRZ r,fl :
-
: grazing AEZ-aggregated land price
- PINTA r,a :
-
: aggregate intermediate input price for activity a
- PLANDT r,fl :
-
: total AEZ-aggregated land price
- PLAND r,fl,a :
-
: land price of activity a and AEZ fl
- PM_base r,c :
-
: base year’s PM
- PM r,c :
-
: composite commodity price (including import tax and transaction costs)
- PQD_base r,c :
-
: base year’s PQD
- PQD r,c :
-
: composite commodity price excluding sales tax
- PQH r,ch,h :
-
: price of household category commodity ch
- PQ r,c :
-
: composite commodity price excluding sales tax
- PRES r,a :
-
: price of resource input
- PTRS c :
-
: price of international trade service
- PVAE r,a :
-
: price of (aggregate) energy and value-added bundle (nonenergy transformation sector)
- PVA r,a :
-
: price of (aggregate) value added
- PWE c :
-
: f.o.b. export world price
- PWM c :
-
: world import price (c.i.f) of commodity c
- PX2 r,c :
-
: aggregate producer price for commodity including stock change effects
- PXAC r,a,c :
-
: producer price of commodity c for activity a
- PX r,c :
-
: aggregate producer price for commodity
- QAGRT r,fl :
-
: agriculture AEZ-aggregated land use
- QA r,a :
-
: quantity (level) of activity
- QCARU r,h :
-
: household passenger car service demand
- QCARUENET r,h :
-
: household passenger car energy use
- QCH r,ch,h :
-
: household consumption of household commodity category ch
- QCROP r,fl :
-
: crop field AEZ-aggregated land use
- QDTRST r,tr :
-
: total transport service demand by modes
- QDTRS r,tr,ac :
-
: freight transport service demand by sector ac and modes
- QD r,c :
-
: quantity sold domestically of domestic output
- QENE r,a :
-
: quantity of (aggregate) energy input
- QEND_ENE r,c,ac,i :
-
: energy use of service i in CGE energy
- QE r,c :
-
: quantity of exports
- QF r,f,a :
-
: quantity demanded of factor f from activity a
- QGRZ r,fl :
-
: grazing AEZ-aggregated land use
- QG r,c :
-
: government consumption demand for commodity
- QH r,c,h :
-
: quantity of consumption of marketed commodity c for household h
- QINTA r,a :
-
: quantity of aggregate intermediate input
- QINT r,c,a :
-
: quantity of commodity c as intermediate input to activity a
- QINV r,c :
-
: quantity of fixed investment demand for commodity
- QLAND r,fl,a :
-
: land quantity of activity a and AEZ fl
- QLANT r,fl :
-
: total AEZ-aggregated land use
- QM r,c :
-
: quantity of imports of commodity
- QPRMLANDT r,fl :
-
: primary land area AEZ fl, region r
- QQ r,c :
-
: quantity of goods supplied to domestic market (composite supply)
- QRED r,emcm,a :
-
: input of counter emission reduction countermeasures of activity a and measure emcm
- QRES r,a :
-
: quantity of resource input
- QSD r,ac,i :
-
: service demand
- QTRS c :
-
: quantity of international trade service
- QVAE r,a :
-
: quantity of (aggregate) energy and value-added bundle (nonenergy transformation sector)
- QVA r,a :
-
: quantity of (aggregate) value added
- QWE r,c :
-
: quantity of exports of commodity
- QWM r,c :
-
: quantity of imports of commodity
- QX2 r,c :
-
: aggregate marketed quantity of domestic output of commodity including stock change
- QXAC r,a,c :
-
: marketed output quantity of commodity c from activity a
- QX r,c :
-
: aggregate marketed quantity of domestic output of commodity
- RQUOQA r,a :
-
: shadow subsidies of the fixed activity level
- SHAC r,a,c :
-
: share of the commodity c produced by activity a
- SHQE r,c :
-
: share of domestically sold and export commodity c
- SHQM :
-
: share of domestically sold and imported commodity c
- TBH r,h :
-
: biomass consumption by household h
- TBI r,a :
-
: biomass consumption by activity a
- TINS r,I :
-
: direct tax rate for institution i
- TRII_Resource r,I :
-
: transfers to institution i
- TRII_Use r,I :
-
: transfers from institution i
- TRS_ENE_FL r,c,tr :
-
: transport energy demand by modes and energy sources
- TRS_ENE r,tr :
-
: transport energy demand by modes
- TSCT r,a,tc :
-
: technology tc’s share in sector a and region r
- VRENCAP r,a :
-
: rent of electricity capacity activity a in region r
- VRENCAPTOT r :
-
: rent related to electricity capacity
- Vu r,h :
-
: utility of household h defined by AIDADS
- Vμ r,ch,h :
-
: marginal share of consumption spending on household commodity category ch for household h
- WFDIST r,f,a :
-
: factor price distortion factor for factor f in activity a
- WF r,f :
-
: average price of factor
- YF r,f :
-
: income of factor f
- YG r :
-
: government revenue
- YI r,I :
-
: income of institution i (in the set INSDNG)
- YIF r,i,f :
-
: income to domestic institution i from factor f
12.1.5 Equation
-
Import price:
-
Export price:
-
Demand price of domestic nontraded goods:
-
Absorption:
-
Commodity market monetary balance:
-
Marketed output with stock change:
-
Marketed output value with stock change:
-
Marketed output value:
-
Activity price:
-
Aggregate Nonenergy intermediate input price:
-
Activity revenue and costs (nonenergy transformation sector):
-
Activity revenue and costs (energy transformation sector):
-
Resource input price:
-
Consumer price index:
-
Producer price index for nontraded market output:
-
Export price index:
-
Import price index:
-
Governmental consumption price index:
-
Capital formation price index:
-
Leontief technology: demand for aggregate value added (energy transformation sector)
-
Leontief technology: demand for aggregate energy input (energy transformation sector)
-
Energy and value-added bundle (nonenergy transformation sector):
-
Leontief technology: demand for aggregate nonenergy intermediate input
-
Leontief technology: demand for resource input:
-
Energy and value-added composite:
-
Energy and value-added input CES technology: energy – value-added input ratio
-
Energy and value-added composite balance:
-
Energy and value-added composite (nonenergy use sector):
-
Value-added and factor demands: non-power supply activities
-
Value-added and factor demands: power supply activities
-
Factor demand: non-power supply activities
-
Factor demand: power supply activities
-
Factor cost: power supply activities
-
Capital aggregation: perfect substitution
-
Capital aggregation: new industry
-
Capital aggregation: base year
-
Capital cost balance:
-
Capital rate of return for new and old:
-
Capital operation ratio
-
Disaggregated intermediate input demand:
-
CCS service intermediate input demand:
-
Reduction measures (for nonenergy-related GHG emissions):
-
Reduction measures (for energy-related GHG emissions):
-
Reduction measures (for biomass power plant GHG absorption):
-
CCS-equipped share:
-
Energy input technology share:
-
Energy input costs:
-
Energy consumption of energy transformation sector:
-
Freight transport generated by industrial activity:
-
Freight transport generated by household consumption:
-
Total freight transport:
-
Passenger transport (excluding household passenger car):
-
Transport energy demand:
-
Transport energy price by mode:
-
Transport energy source:
-
Transport total energy consumption:
-
Transport total energy consumption by fuel:
-
Commodity production and allocation:
-
Commodity production and allocation (nonenergy commodities):
-
First-order condition for output aggregation function (nonenergy commodities):
-
Single sector commodity source:
-
Perfect substitution commodity sources:
-
Share of commodity production and allocation (energy commodities):
-
Commodity production and allocation (energy commodities):
-
Balance of the output and commodity aggregate (energy commodities):
-
Output transformation (CET) function (nonenergy commodities):
-
Export constraint:
-
Export-domestic supply ratio (nonenergy commodities):
-
Output transformation for domestically sold outputs without exports and for exports without domestic sales:
-
Share of the domestically sold and export (energy commodities):
-
Exported energy commodities:
-
Domestically sold energy commodities:
-
Composite supply (Armington) function (nonenergy commodities):
-
Import-domestic demand ratio (nonenergy commodities):
-
Composite supply for nonimported outputs and non-produced imports:
-
Share of the domestically sold and imported (energy commodities):
-
Imported energy commodities:
-
Domestically sold energy commodities:
-
Land input of activity:
-
AEZ aggregation for activity a:
-
AEZ selection for activity a:
-
Crop land price:
-
AEZ land crop selection:
-
Grazing land price:
-
AEZ land grazing selection:
-
Crop and grazing selection for AEZ (crop):
-
Crop and grazing selection for AEZ (grazing):
-
Aggregation of agriculture (in case missing either crop or graze):
-
Aggregated agricultural price:
-
Agriculture and forestry selection for AEZ (agriculture):
-
Agriculture and forestry selection for AEZ (forestry):
-
Aggregation of agriculture (in case missing agriculture):
-
Aggregation of agriculture (in case missing forestry):
-
Aggregated total land price:
-
Total land:
-
Positive land-use change emissions:
-
Negative land use-change emissions:
-
Factor income:
-
Institutional factor incomes:
-
Income of nongovernmental domestic institution:
-
Total rent of electricity capacity:
-
Household consumption expenditures:
-
Passenger car by household:
-
Energy consumption caused by passenger car in household Footnote 7:
-
Energy price for passenger car in household:
-
Energy fuel consumption caused by passenger car in household:
-
Household consumption spending (LES):
-
Household goods price:
-
Household goods consumption mapping:
-
Household energy source consumption:
-
Household utility (AIDADS):
-
Household marginal share (AIDADS):
-
Household consumption spending (AIDADS):
-
Investment demand:
-
Government consumption demand:
-
Government revenue:
-
Government expenditure:
-
Transfer use
-
Government transfer use:
-
Transfer resource:
-
Imported commodity:
-
Exported commodity:
-
World trade nominal balance:
-
World trade volume balance:
-
Transport service demand:
-
CIF and FOB relationship:
-
Biomass consumption (household):
-
Biomass consumption (industry):
-
Emissions related to activity level (industrial activity):
-
Additional emission reductions related to activity level (industrial activity):
-
Emissions related to activity level (household):
-
Emissions related to fossil fuel combustion (industrial activity):
-
Emissions related to fossil fuel combustion (household):
-
Emissions related to biomass combustion (industrial activity):
-
Emissions related to biomass combustion (household activity):
-
GHG emission total in a region:
-
GHG emission includes emission trading:
-
GHG emission importing trading upper limit:
-
GHG emission exporting trading upper limit:
-
GHG emission price and international price:
-
GHG emission constraint:
-
GHG emission cost of nonenergy (industry):
-
GHG total cost:
-
Global GHG emission constraint:
-
Global GHG emission constraint price:
-
Global GHG emission trading total:
-
GHG emission related to the international transport:
-
International transport energy demand:
-
Nonenergy related gas emissions:
-
Factor markets:
-
Composite commodity markets:
-
Current-account balance for the rest of the world, in foreign currency:
-
Government balance:
-
Direct tax rate:
-
Institutional savings rates:
-
Savings-investment balance:
-
Global investment balance:
-
Activity constraint (upper boundary):
-
Activity constraint (QUOTA for aggregated region and activity):
-
Activity constraint (QUOTA shadow price):
-
End-use device stock:
-
End-use device stock operation:
-
End-use device service supply:
-
Industry service demand:
-
Residential service demand:
-
Transport service demand:
-
End-use device new investment selection:
-
End-use device price:
-
End-use total new investment for service:
-
End-use energy price:
-
Energy use of service i in end-use energy:
-
Energy use of service i in CGE energy:
-
Industry end-use energy mapping:
-
Industry end-use energy total:
-
Transport end-use energy mapping:
-
Transport end-use energy total:
-
Residential end-use energy mapping:
-
Residential car end-use energy mapping:
-
Residential car end-use energy total:
-
End-use biofuel ratio:
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Fujimori, S., Masui, T., Matsuoka, Y. (2017). AIM/CGE V2.0 Model Formula. In: Fujimori, S., Kainuma, M., Masui, T. (eds) Post-2020 Climate Action. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3869-3_12
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