Abstract
For the nine combustible solid waste (CSW) basic components proposed in Chap. 2, pyrolytic experiments in thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), Macro-TGA, and horizontal fixed bed reactor (HFBR) were performed. Kinetics were fundamental characteristics of pyrolytic reactions. The slow pyrolytic kinetics of intrinsic chemical reactions were studied in TGA, and the fast and slow pyrolytic kinetics with heat and mass transfer effect were studied in Macro-TGA, which was more similar to industrial fixed bed reactor. Finally, the kinetics from different conditions were compared. In addition, the product (gas, liquid, and solid) distribution was studied in horizontal fixed bed reactor. The gas products from TGA pyrolysis were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the gas products from horizontal fixed bed reactor were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are important pollutants during thermochemical conversions of CSW. Therefore, the PAHs formation characteristics were quantitatively studied in the horizontal fixed bed reactor. Based on the above results, the pyrolytic mechanisms and the PAHs formation mechanisms were further explored.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Banyasz JL, Li S, Lyons-Hart J et al (2001) Gas evolution and the mechanism of cellulose pyrolysis. Fuel 80:1757–1763
Belgacem MN, Gandini A (2008) Monomers, polymers and composites from renewable resources. Elsevier Ltd, Oxford
Chen T, Wu J, Zhang J et al (2014) Gasification kinetic analysis of the three pseudocomponents of biomass-cellulose, semicellulose and lignin. Bioresource Technol 153:223–229
Chung S, Violi A (2011) Peri-condensed aromatics with aliphatic chains as key intermediates for the nucleation of aromatic hydrocarbons. P Combust Inst 33:693–700
Cypres R (1987) Aromatic hydrocarbons formation during coal pyrolysis. Fuel Process Technol 15:1–15
Depeyre D, Flicoteaux C, Chardaire C (1985) Pure n-hexadecane thermal steam cracking. Ind Eng Chem Process Design Dev 24:1251–1258
Dumitriu S (2004) Polysaccharides: structural diversity and functional versatility. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida
Encinar JM, González JF (2008) Pyrolysis of synthetic polymers and plastic wastes. Kinetic study. Fuel Process Technol 89:678–686
Fairburn JA, Behie LA, Svrcek WY (1990) Ultrapyrolysis of n-hexadecane in a novel micro-reactor. Fuel 69:1537–1545
Ferdous D, Dalai AK, Bej SK et al (2002) Pyrolysis of lignins: experimental and kinetics studies. Energ Fuel 16:1405–1412
Ferry JG (1992) Methane from acetate. J Bacteriol 174:5489–5495
Greenwood PF, van Heemst JDH, Guthrie EA et al (2002) Laser micropyrolysis GC–MS of lignin. J Anal Appl Pyrol 62:365–373
Hansson K, Samuelsson J, Tullin C et al (2004) Formation of HNCO, HCN, and NH3 from the pyrolysis of bark and nitrogen-containing model compounds. Combust Flame 137:265–277
Iida T, Nakanishi M, Got OK (1974) Investigations on poly (vinyl chloride). I. Evolution of aromatics on pyrolysis of poly (vinyl chloride) and its mechanism. J Polym Sci Polym Chem E 12:737–749
Kim DH, Mulholland JA, Wang D et al (2010) Pyrolytic hydrocarbon growth from cyclopentadiene. J Phys Chem A 114:12411–12416
Kim S (2001) Pyrolysis kinetics of waste PVC pipe. Waste Manage 21:609–616
Kislov VV, Sadovnikov AI, Mebel AM (2013) Formation mechanism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons beyond the second aromatic ring. J Phys Chem A 117:4794–4816
Liu Q, Wang SR, Zheng Y et al (2008) Mechanism study of wood lignin pyrolysis by using TG-FTIR analysis. J Anal Appl Pyrol 82:170–177
Liu Q, Zhong ZP, Wang SR et al (2011) Interactions of biomass components during pyrolysis: a TG-FTIR study. J Anal Appl Pyrol 90:213–218
Lu M, Mulholland JA (2004) PAH Growth from the pyrolysis of CPD, indene and naphthalene mixture. Chemosphere 55:605–610
Luo Z, Wang S, Liao Y et al (2004) Mechanism study of cellulose rapid pyrolysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 43:5605–5610
Marsh ND, Wornat MJ (2000) Formation pathways of ethynyl-substituted and cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. P Combust Inst 28:2585–2592
Mastral AM, Callén MS (2000) A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions from energy generation. Environ Sci Technol 34:3051–3057
Masuda Y, Uda T, Terakado O et al (2006) Pyrolysis study of poly(vinyl chloride)–metal oxide mixtures: Quantitative product analysis and the chlorine fixing ability of metal oxides. J Anal Appl Pyrol 77:159–168
McGrath T, Sharma R, Hajaligol M (2001) An experimental investigation into the formation of polycyclic-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from pyrolysis of biomass materials. Fuel 80:1787–1797
Meng A, Zhou H, Qin L et al (2013) Quantitative and kinetic TG-FTIR investigation on three kinds of biomass pyrolysis. J Anal Appl Pyrol 104:28–37
Richter H, Howard J (2000) Formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their growth to soot—a review of chemical reaction pathways. Prog Energ Combust 26:565–608
Scott DS, Czernik SR, Piskorz J et al (1990) Fast pyrolysis of plastic wastes. Energ Fuel 4:407–411
Shafizadeh F, Fu YL (1973) Pyrolysis of cellulose. Carbohyd Res 29:113–122
Shen DK, Gu S (2009) The mechanism for thermal decomposition of cellulose and its main products. Bioresource Technol 100:6496–6504
Shen DK, Gu S, Bridgwater AV (2010) Study on the pyrolytic behaviour of xylan-based hemicellulose using TG-FTIR and Py-GC-FTIR. J Anal Appl Pyrol 87:199–206
Shukla B, Koshi M (2012) A novel route for PAH growth in HACA based mechanisms. Combust Flame 159:3589–3596
Siengchum T, Isenberg M, Chuang S (2013) Fast pyrolysis of coconut biomass—an FTIR study. Fuel 105:559–565
Stefanidis SD, Kalogiannis KG, Iliopoulou EF et al (2014) A study of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis via the pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. J Anal Appl Pyrol 105:143–150
Varhegyi G, Antal MJ, Sezekely T et al (1989) Kinetics of the thermal-decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and sugar-cane bagasse. Energ Fuel 3:329–335
Wang C, Dou B, Song Y et al (2014) Kinetic study on nonisothermal pyrolysis of sucrose biomass. Energ Fuel 28:3793–3801
Wang D, Violi A (2006) Radical—molecule reactions for aromatic growth: a case study for cyclopentadienyl and acenaphthylene. J Org Chem 71:8365–8371
Williams P, Horne PA (1995) Analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons in pyrolytic oil derived from biomass. J Anal Appl Pyrol 31:15–37
Williams PT, Williams EA (1999) Fluidised bed pyrolysis of low density polyethylene to produce petrochemical feedstock. J Anal Appl Pyrol 51:107–126
Wu C, Budarin VL, Gronnow MJ et al (2014) Conventional and microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass under different heating rates. J Anal Appl Pyrol 107:276–283
Yang H, Yan R, Chen H et al (2007) Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis. Fuel 86:1781–1788
Yu H, Zhang Z, Li Z et al (2014) Characteristics of tar formation during cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin gasification. Fuel 118:250–256
Zhang J, Chen T, Wu J et al (2014) A novel Gaussian-DAEM-reaction model for the pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. RSC Adv 4:17513–17520
Zheng J, Jin YQ, Chi Y et al (2009) Pyrolysis characteristics of organic components of municipal solid waste at high heating rates. Waste Manage 29:1089–1094
Zhou H, Wu C, Onwudili JA et al (2015) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) formation from the pyrolysis of different municipal solid waste fractions. Waste Manage 36:136–146
Zhu HM, Jiang XG, Yan JH et al (2008) TG-FTIR analysis of PVC thermal degradation and HCl removal. J Anal Appl Pyrol 82:1–9
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zhou, H. (2017). Pyrolysis Characteristics of Basic Components. In: Combustible Solid Waste Thermochemical Conversion. Springer Theses. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3827-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3827-3_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-3826-6
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-3827-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)