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Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Stem Cell-Mediated Therapeutic Approach

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Regenerative Medicine: Laboratory to Clinic

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Abstract

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, irreversible fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD), characterized by replacement of the normal lung tissue by fibrotic scarring, honeycombing and increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins within the pulmonary interstitium. IPF is an invariably fatal disease with median survival of 2–3 years from initial diagnosis with no lasting option for therapy since no effective treatment is currently available other than lung transplantation. IPF is mediated through pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokine activities. Thus, stem cell treatment might be beneficial in inhibiting progression of the disease through cytokine modulation since stem cell has immunomodulatory, anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties that allow them to manipulate the local environment of injured tissue, ameliorating the inflammation and promoting repair. Bleomycin-induced animal model has shown success of stem cell therapy in mitigating the lung fibrosis. Our laboratory has investigated the effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) in bleomycin-induced IPF mice and demonstrated beneficial effect of AD-MSCs in the early stage of disease. However, it failed to show beneficial effect in the late stage of disease. In view of this, human clinical trials should be designed with extreme caution so as to get beneficial clinical outcome.

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Abbreviations

AEC:

Alveolar epithelial cell

DPLD:

Diffused parenchymal lung disease

FVC:

Forced vital capacity

GERD:

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

IPF:

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

UIP:

Usual interstitial pneumonia

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Acknowledgements

Author is thankful to the management of Kasiak Research and Aureostem Research for providing generous support. Their generosity was instrumental for the study accomplishment and I appreciate it. Author is thankful to Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India, for assisting in HRCT imaging.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aureostem Research Pvt Ltd, 2035, Sobha Jasmine, Outer Sarjapur Ring Road, Bellandur, Bengaluru-560103, Karnataka, India

    Satish Totey Ph.D.

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  1. Satish Totey Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Satish Totey Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India

    Asok Mukhopadhyay

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Totey, S. (2017). Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Stem Cell-Mediated Therapeutic Approach. In: Mukhopadhyay, A. (eds) Regenerative Medicine: Laboratory to Clinic. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3701-6_29

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