Abstract
Metro Manila, the national capital region of the Philippines, is one of the megacities in Asia. This chapter traces its origin and examines its urban primacy . It also examines the recent (1993–2014) and potential future (2014–2030) urban land changes , i.e., changes from non-built-up to built-up lands, in Metro Manila and its surrounding areas using geospatial tools and techniques. Some of the possible key factors influencing the urban development of Metro Manila and the potential implications of its rapid population growth and urban land changes to its future sustainable urban development are discussed. The analysis showed compelling evidence for Metro Manila’s urban primacy over the other metropolitan areas and regions in the country based on population and gross domestic product . Over the past 21 years (1993–2014), the area of built-up lands has increased almost twofold, transforming the landscape of Metro Manila and its surrounding areas. The relatively small land area of Metro Manila, its geographic characteristics and population and economic growth , the concentration of key urban functions/services and opportunities in the area, and its accessibility are hypothesized to be among the key factors influencing the spatiotemporal patterns of urban land changes and the overall urban development of the region. The simulated urban land changes indicated that built-up lands would continue to expand in the future (2014–2030) under the influence of infill and sprawl development patterns. The intensifying pressure of urbanization due to rapid population growth and urban land changes poses many challenges that need to be considered in sustainable urban development and landscape planning.
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Notes
- 1.
Region I—Ilocos Region; Region II—Cagayan Valley; Region III—Central Luzon; Region IV-A—CALABARZON; Region IV-B—MIMAROPA; Region V—Bicol Region; Region VI—Western Visayas; Region VII—Central Visayas; Region VIII—Eastern Visayas; Region IX—Zamboanga Peninsula; Region X—Northern Mindanao; Region XI—Davao Region; Region XII—SOCCSKSARGEN; XIII—Caraga; ARMM—Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao; CAR—Cordillera Administrative Region; NCR—National Capital Region (Metro Manila); NIR—Negros Island Region. See also Fig. 5.7.
- 2.
- 3.
CAMADA—Acronym for the municipalities of Calasiao, Mangaldan, and Dagupan in the province of Pangasinan.
- 4.
Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDP) is the aggregate of gross value added of all resident producer units in a region. It includes regional estimates on the three major sectors and their subsectors, namely the (a) agriculture, fishery, and forestry sector, (b) industry sector (mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, and electricity, and water), and (c) service sector (transport, communication and storage, trade, finance, ownership of dwellings and real estate, private services, and government services) (http://nap.psa.gov.ph/).
- 5.
Ecosystem services refer to the benefits that ecosystems (cropland, forest, etc.) generate for and provide to people. Such benefits can be tangible (goods, e.g., cropland for providing food) or intangible (services, e.g., forest for absorbing CO2), large or small, and direct or indirect (MEA 2005; Estoque and Murayama 2013b, 2016).
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Estoque, R.C. (2017). Manila Metropolitan Area. In: Murayama, Y., Kamusoko, C., Yamashita, A., Estoque, R. (eds) Urban Development in Asia and Africa. The Urban Book Series. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3241-7_5
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