Abstract
Generalizations of ordinary differential and difference equations as an abstract rule are called dynamical systems. Historically, this terminology was first used in the book of Birkhoff (Dynamical Systems. AmericanMathematical Society Colloquium Publications, New York, 1927, [71]). Although mathematical modeling of real-world processes by means of differential equations goes back to Newton, it has only after Poincaré and Lyapunov, often accepted as the founders of the theory of dynamical systems, these problems started to be considered from qualitative point of view.
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Akhmet, M., Kashkynbayev, A. (2017). Introduction. In: Bifurcation in Autonomous and Nonautonomous Differential Equations with Discontinuities. Nonlinear Physical Science. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3180-9_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3180-9_1
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