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Less Geneva, More Jakarta: Assessing Australia’s Asia Pivot

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International Relations and Asia’s Southern Tier

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Abstract

While attention has been devoted to the consequences of the US rebalance to Asia, Australia has sought to define its own regional pivot. Along with Japan, China and Indonesia are the most important countries in Asia for economic ties and security considerations. The embassy in Jakarta has become the single biggest overseas post. Australia needs to guard against a tendency to exaggerate its influence in regional capitals, something the Rudd government found out the hard way when its Asia-Pacific Security Cooperation initiative imploded. Maintaining productive relations with Jakarta is arguably the toughest foreign policy challenge. No other bilateral relationship is subject to as many roundabouts. “More Jakarta” is no doubt a good thing if the quality of engagement is at least as positive as the quantity.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    David Walker and Agnieszka Sobocinska, “Introduction: Australia’s Asia,” in David Walker and Agnieszka Sobocinska, eds., Australia’s Asia: From Yellow Peril to Asian Century (Perth: UWA Publishing, 2012), 14.

  2. 2.

    For an assessment of Australia’s Asian engagement strategy since the early 1980s, see Andrew Carr, Winning the Peace: Australia’s Campaign to Change the Asia-Pacific (Melbourne: Melbourne University Publishing, 2015).

  3. 3.

    For discussion, see Peter Drysdale, “Did the Nara Treaty Make a Difference?” Australian Journal of International Affairs 60, no. 4 (2006): 490–505.

  4. 4.

    This theme permeated reports sent to Canberra from the Australian embassy in Beijing during the mid-1970s. For details, see John Fitzgerald, “Australia-China Relations 1976: Looking Forward,” Presentation delivered at the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, August 2, 2007, available at: http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/publications/papers-and-podcasts/international-relations-and-foreign-affairs/fitzgerald-transcript.aspx (last accessed: March 15, 2015).

  5. 5.

    Michael Wesley, The Howard Paradox: Australian Diplomacy in Asia, 1996–2006 (Sydney: ABC Books, 2007).

  6. 6.

    “Australia and China: A Joint Report on the Bilateral Relationship,” Australian Centre on China and the World and China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, February 2012, available at: http://ciw.anu.edu.au/joint_report/CIWCICIRJointReport-Australia_and_China-Feb2012.pdf (last accessed: March 15, 2015).

  7. 7.

    Hillary Clinton, “America’s Pacific Century,” Foreign Policy, October 11, 2011, available at: http://foreignpolicy.com/2011/10/11/americas-pacific-century (last accessed: March 15, 2015).

  8. 8.

    The White House, “Remarks by President Obama to the Australian Parliament, Canberra, November 17, 2011,” available at: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/11/17/remarks-president-obama-australian-parliament (last accessed: March 4 2015). See also Robert Ross, “The Problem with the Pivot,” Foreign Affairs, November-December 2012, available at: http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138211/robert-s-ross/the-problem-with-the-pivot (last accessed: March 15, 2015).

  9. 9.

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  10. 10.

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  11. 11.

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  12. 12.

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  13. 13.

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  14. 14.

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  15. 15.

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  16. 16.

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  17. 17.

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  18. 18.

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  19. 19.

    Linda Jakobson, “Australia’s Relations with China in Turbulence,” The Asan Forum, January 25, 2014, available at: http://www.theasanforum.org/australias-relations-with-china-in-turbulence/ (last accessed: March 15, 2015).

  20. 20.

    Mark Kenny, “Tony Abbott Says Japan is Australia’s ‘Closest Friend’ in Asia,” The Sydney Morning Herald, October 9, 2013.

  21. 21.

    James Reilly, “Counting on China? Australia’s Strategic Response to Economic Interdependence,” The Chinese Journal of International Politics 5, no. 4 (2012): 369–394.

  22. 22.

    “Launch of MIKTA: A Mechanism for Cooperation Between Key Regional Middle Power Countries,” Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea, September 26, 2013, available at: http://www.mofa.go.kr/webmodule/htsboard/template/read/engreadboard.jsp?boardid=302&typeID=12&tableName=TYPE_ENGLISH&seqno=312809

  23. 23.

    Latika Bourke, “Julie Bishop Pens Letter to Indonesian Counterpart Offering to Pay for Bali Nine Prison Costs,” The Sydney Morning Herald, March 12, 2015.

  24. 24.

    John Kerin and Greg Earl, “Bali Nine Pair Execution Standoff Hurts Indonesia-Australian Business Ties,” The Australian Financial Review, March 5, 2015.

  25. 25.

    A reflection of these views—although expressed in slightly more positive terms than usual—can be found in Fergus Hanson, Shattering Stereotypes: Lowy Institute Indonesia Poll 2012, (Sydney: Lowy Institute for International Policy, 2012).

  26. 26.

    Bernard Lane, “Indonesia Threat to Security, Says Poll,” The Australian, August 27, 2013.

  27. 27.

    Tom Allard and Michael Bachelard, “Abbott Faces Indonesian Anger Over Spying Revelations,” The Sydney Morning Herald, November 23, 2013.

  28. 28.

    Colin Brown, “Spying Pact is SBY’s Last Foreign Policy Gasp—Now for Jokowi,” The Conversation, August 29, 2014, available at: https://theconversation.com/spying-pact-is-sbys-last-foreign-policy-gasp-now-for-jokowi-30905 (last accessed: March 15, 2015).

  29. 29.

    Rikki Kersten, “Australia and Japan: Mobilising the Bilateral Relationship,” in James Cotton and John Ravenhill, eds., Middle Power Dreaming: Australia in World Affairs, 2006–2010 (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 2011), 94–110.

  30. 30.

    Mizuho Aoki and Reiji Yoshida, “Abe, Abbott Reach FTA Agreement,” The Japan Times, April 7, 2014.

  31. 31.

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  32. 32.

    Grant Turnbull, “Turning Japanese: Australia’s Next-Gen Submarine U-Turn,” NavalTechnology.Com, October 23, 2015, available at: http://www.naval-technology.com/features/featureturning-japanese-australias-next-gen-submarine-u-turn-4415118/ (last accessed: March 15, 2015).

  33. 33.

    Sarah Martin, “Shipyard Couldn’t Build a Canoe: Minister,” The Australian, November 26, 2014. Despite apologizing for his remarks, Johnston was removed from his position the following month by Prime Minister Abbott.

  34. 34.

    Cameron Stewart, “Japan, Australia Submarines Project Hits Turbulent Waters,” The Australian, February 12, 2015.

  35. 35.

    Eliza Borrello, “Bali Nine: Julie Bishop Says Tony Abbott’s Tsunami Aid Comments Not Seen as Helpful in Indonesia,” Australian Broadcasting Corporation News Online, February 24, 2015, available at: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-02-24/bishop-says-tsunami-aid-comments-not-seen-as-helpful-in-jakarta/6244916 (last accessed: March 15, 2015).

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O’Neil, A. (2018). Less Geneva, More Jakarta: Assessing Australia’s Asia Pivot. In: Rozman, G., Liow, J. (eds) International Relations and Asia’s Southern Tier. Asan-Palgrave Macmillan Series. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3171-7_17

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