Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hybrid AC/DC Micro-Grids: Solution for High Efficient Future Power Systems

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Sustainable Power Systems

Abstract

This chapter titled “Hybrid AC/DC Micro-grids: Solution for High Efficient Future Power Systems” presents a new configuration for future power systems which is the hybrid AC/DC gird for high efficient connection of the inherent AC and DC sources and loads. Three-phase AC power systems have been in dominant position for over hundred years due to invention of transformer and the inherent characteristic from fossil energy-driven rotating machines. However, the gradual changes of load types and distributed renewable generation (DRG) in AC local distribution systems provide food for consideration of adding DC networks. Renewable sources such as fuel cells and solar photovoltaics are DC inherent and should be connected to AC grid through DC/AC conversion techniques whereas some AC inherent renewable sources like wind generators also need DC links in their conversion systems to increase efficiency and mitigate power variation caused by intermittency and uncertainty. The disadvantage of AC grids for connection of DC inherent sources and loads as well as AC loads with DC links is that additional DC/AC or AC/DC converters are required, which may result in efficiency loss from the reverse conversion. In the other hand DC grids are resurging due to the development and deployment of renewable DC power sources and their inherent advantage for DC loads in commercial, industrial and residential applications. The number of power conversions in a DC microgrid has been significantly reduced to enhance system energy efficiency. A more likely scenario is the coexistence of both AC and DC micro-grids, which is so-called the hybrid AC/DC microgrid in order to reduce processes of multiple reverse conversions in an individual AC or DC microgrid and facilitate the connection of various renewable AC/DC sources and loads to power system. Therefore the concept of hybrid micro-grids, which can harmonize both AC and DC sources and loads, has been proposed for future high efficient power systems. Conventional AC and DC grids are interconnected together through the bidirectional AC/DC converter. The component model has been introduced. The control and operation of individual sources and energy storages are presented. The coordination control and power sharing techniques are also introduced.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Wang P, Goel L, Liu X, Choo F (2013) Harmonizing AC and DC: a hybrid AC/DC future grid solution. IEEE Power Energy Mag 11(3):76–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Zoka Y, Sasaki H, Yorino N, Kawahara K, Liu CC (2004) An interaction problem of distributed generators installed in a MicroGrid. In: Proceedings of the IEEE electric utility deregulation, restructuring and power technologies, vol 2, April 2004, pp 795–799

    Google Scholar 

  3. Lasseter RH, Paigi P (2004) Microgrid: a conceptual solution. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 35th PESC, vol 6, June 2004, pp 4285–4290

    Google Scholar 

  4. Sao CK, Lehn PW (2008) Control and power management of converter fed microgrids. IEEE Trans Power Syst 23(3):1088–1098

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Logenthiran T, Srinivasan D, Wong D (2008) Multi-agent coordination for DER in Micro Grid. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on sustainable energy technologies, Nov 2008, pp 77–82

    Google Scholar 

  6. Baran ME, Mahajan NR (2003) DC distribution for industrial systems: Opportunities and challenges. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 39(6):1596–1601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ito Y, Yang Z, Akagi H (2004) DC micro-grid based distribution power generation system. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international power electronics and motion control conference, vol 3, Aug 2004, pp 1740–1745

    Google Scholar 

  8. Sannino A, Postiglione G, Bollen MHJ (2003) Feasibility of a DC network for commercial facilities. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 39(5):1409–1507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hammerstrom DJ (2007) AC versus DC distribution systems-did we get it right?. In Proceedings of the IEEE power engineering society general meeting, June 2007, pp 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  10. Salomonsson D, Sannino A (2007) Low-voltage DC distribution system for commercial power systems with sensitive electronic loads. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 22(3):1620–1627

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Xiao J, Wang P (2013) Multiple modes control of household DC microgrid with integration of various renewable energy sources. In: Industrial electronics society, IECON 2013—39th annual conference of the IEEE, 2013 pp 1773–1778

    Google Scholar 

  12. Zhi W, Xu L (2007) Direct power control of DFIG with constant switching frequency and improved transient performance. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 22(1):110–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Arnalte S, Burgos JC, Rodriguez-amenedo JL (2002) Direct torque control of a doubly-fed induction generator for variable speed wind turbines. Electr Power Compon Syst 30(2):199–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kim WS, Jou ST, Lee KB, Watkins S (2008) Direct power control of a doubly fed induction generator with a fixed switching frequency. In: Proceedings of the IEEE industry applications society annual meeting, Oct 2008, pp 1–9

    Google Scholar 

  15. Koutroulis E, Kalaitzakis K (2006) Design of a maximum power tracking system for wind-energy-conversion applications. IEEE Trans Industr Electron 53(2):486–494

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ropp ME, Gonzalez S (2009) Development of a MATLAB/simulink model of a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 24(1):195–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Chao KH, Li CJ, Ho SH (2008) Modeling and fault simulation of photovoltaic generation systems using circuit-based model. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on sustainable energy technologies, Nov 2008, pp 290–294

    Google Scholar 

  18. Esram T, Chapman PL (2007) Comparison of photovoltaic array maximum power point tracking techniques. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 22:439–449

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Sung-Jun K, Jae-Sub K, Jung-Sik C, Mi-Geum J, Ju-Hui M, Jin-Gook L et al (2011) A novel MPPT control of photovoltaic system using FLC algorithm. In: 2011 11th international conference on Control, automation and systems (ICCAS), 2011, pp 434–439

    Google Scholar 

  20. Femia N, Petrone G, Spagnuolo G, Vitelli M (2005) Optimization of perturb and observe maximum power point tracking method. IEEE Trans Power Electron 20:963–973

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Wang P, Xiao J, Setyawan L, Jin C, Hoong CF (2014) Hierarchical control of active hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in DC microgrids. In: 2014 IEEE 9th conference on industrial electronics and applications (ICIEA), 2014, pp 569–574

    Google Scholar 

  22. Anbuky AH, Pascoe PE (2000) VRLA battery state-of-charge estimation in telecommunication power systems. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 47(3):565–573

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Kutluay K, Cadirci Y, Ozkazanc YS, Cadirci I (2005) A new online state-of-charge estimation and monitoring system for sealed lead-acid batteries in Telecommunication power supplies. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 52(5):1315–1327

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Hill CA, Such MC, Dongmei C, Gonzalez J, Grady WM (2012) Battery energy storage for enabling integration of distributed solar power generation. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 3:850–857

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Etxeberria A, Vechiu I, Baudoin S, Camblong H, Vinassa J (2012) Control of a hybrid energy storage system using a three level neutral point clamped converter. In: IECON 2012—38th annual conference on IEEE industrial electronics society, 2012, pp 3400–3405

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hao Q, Jianhui Z, Jih-Sheng L, Wensong Y (2011) A high-efficiency grid-tie battery energy storage system. IEEE Trans Power Electron 26:886–896

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Guerrero JM, Lijun H, Uceda J (2008) Control of distributed uninterruptible power supply systems. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 55(8):2845–2859

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Xiong L, Peng W, Poh Chiang L (2011) A hybrid AC/DC microgrid and its coordination control. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 2:278–286

    Google Scholar 

  29. Wang P, Jin C, Zhu D, Tang Y, Loh P, Choo F (2014) Distributed control for autonomous operation of a three-port AC/DC/DS hybrid microgrid. In: Accepted for publication in IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, 2014

    Google Scholar 

  30. Jin C, Wang P, Xiao J, Tang Y, Choo F (2014) Implementation of hierarchical control in DC microgrids. IEEE Trans Industr Electron 61(8):4033–4042

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nanyang Technology University, Singapore, Singapore

    Peng Wang, Jianfang Xiao & Chi Jin

  2. Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China

    Xiaoqing Han & Wenping Qin

Authors
  1. Peng Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jianfang Xiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Chi Jin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xiaoqing Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Wenping Qin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peng Wang .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal

    Nava Raj Karki

  2. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

    Rajesh Karki

  3. Stord/Haugesund University College, Stord, Norway

    Ajit Kumar Verma

  4. Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea (Republic of)

    Jaeseok Choi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wang, P., Xiao, J., Jin, C., Han, X., Qin, W. (2017). Hybrid AC/DC Micro-Grids: Solution for High Efficient Future Power Systems. In: Karki, N., Karki, R., Verma, A., Choi, J. (eds) Sustainable Power Systems. Reliable and Sustainable Electric Power and Energy Systems Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2230-2_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2230-2_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-2229-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-2230-2

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation