Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Internationalization and Transnationalization of Higher Education: A Review of the Asia Pacific Region

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Managing International Connectivity, Diversity of Learning and Changing Labour Markets

Abstract

During the past three decades, globalization has appeared as the most frequently used term in nearly all the academic fields. The world becomes flat, and the connections among countries have been increasingly strengthened due to the ever-developing information technologies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business has been headquartered in Beijing ever since its establishment in November 2002. Currently, it has campuses in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, and has decided to build a brand new main campus in a suburban area of Beijing. The specific location was chosen in June 2010.

  2. 2.

    Available at http://www.cheungkong-gsb.com/AboutUs/tabid/86/Default.aspx, accessed April 28, 2015.

References

  • Altbach, P. G. (2001). Higher education and the WTO: Globalization run amok. International Higher Education, 23(1), 2–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Altbach, P. G. (2006). Globalization and the university: Realities in an unequal world. In P. G. Altbach & J. J. F. Forest (Eds.), International handbook of higher education. Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). (2011). Australian social trends 2011: International students. Available at http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/LookupAttach/4102.0Publication14.12.113/$File/41020_International_Dec2011.pdf. Accessed February 1, 2016.

  • Australian Government. (2015). Draft national strategy for international education: For consultation. Available at https://internationaleducation.gov.au/International-network/Australia/InternationalStrategy/Documents/Draft%20National%20Strategy%20for%20International%20Education.pdf. Accessed February 1, 2016.

  • Ball, S. J. (1998). Big policies/small world: An introduction to international perspectives in education policy. Comparative Education, 34(2), 119–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birrell, B., & Healy, E. (2008). Migrant accountants: High numbers, poor outcomes. People and Place, 16(4), 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • British Council. (2012). The future of the world’s mobile students to 2024. Available at https://ei.britishcouncil.org/educationintelligence/future-world-mobile-students-2024. Accessed February 1, 2016.

  • Bothwell, E. (2015). South Korea plans ‘ghettoised’ university courses for foreign students. Times Higher Education, August 14, 2015. Available at https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/south-korea-plans-ghettoised-university-courses-foreign-students. Accessed February 1, 2016.

  • Byun, K., Jon, J. E., & Kim, D. (2013). Quest for building world-class universities in South Korea: Outcomes and consequences. Higher Education, 65(5), 645–659.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, Y., Wang, Q., & Liu, N. C. (Eds.). (2014). How world-class universities affect global higher education: Influences and implications. The Netherlands: Sense Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiou, B. (2014). International education, student migration and government policy: A comparative study of Australia and New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation, Auckland University of Technology).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cho, Y. H., & Palmer, J. D. (2013). Stakeholders’ views of South Korea’s higher education internationalization policy. Higher Education, 65(3), 291–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Council, State. (2003). Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Chinese-foreign cooperation in running schools. Beijing, China: Law Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council, State. (2010). National plan for medium- and long-term educational reform and development. Beijing, China: People Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Education and Training (Australia). (2015a). Monthly summary of international student enrolment data1—Australia—YTD October 2015. Available at https://internationaleducation.gov.au/research/International-Student-Data/Documents/Monthly%20summaries%20of%20international%20student%20enrolment%20data%202015/10_October_2015_MonthlySummary.pdf. Accessed February 1, 2016.

  • Department of Education and Training (Australia). (2015b). Export income to Australia from international education activity in 2014. Available at https://internationaleducation.gov.au/research/Research-Snapshots/Documents/Export%20Income%20CY2014.pdf. Accessed February 1, 2016.

  • Department of Education and Training (Australia). (2015c). International student survey 2014: Overview report. Available at https://internationaleducation.gov.au/research/research-papers/Documents/ISS%202014%20Report%20Final.pdf. Accessed February 1, 2016.

  • Duhs, T., & Duhs, A. (1997). Exports of tertiary education services and the Queensland economy. Economic Analysis & Policy, 27(2), 159–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flynn, N. (2007). Public sector management. London, UK: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukuyama, F. (2006). The end of history and the last man. New York, USA: Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giddens, A. (1994). Beyond left and right: The future of radical politics. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harman, G. (2005). Internationalization of Australian higher education: A critical review of literature and research. In P. Ninnes & M. Hellsten (Eds.), Internationalizing higher education: Critical exploration of pedagogy and policy. Hong Kong: Springer and Comparative Education Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmon, G. (2006). Australia as a higher education exporter. International Higher Education, 42, 14–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, F. (2008). Regulation and practice of transnational higher education in China. In L. Dunn & M. Wallace (Eds.), Teaching in transnational higher education: Enhancing learning for offshore international students. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, F. (2011). Transnational higher education in Japan and China: A comparative study. In D. W. Chapman, W. K. Cummings, & G. A. Postiglione (Eds.), Crossing borders in East Asian higher education. Netherlands: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, R. (1984). Report of the committee to review the Australian Overseas Aid Program. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, J. (1999). Internationalisation of higher education. In Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (Eds.), Quality and internationalisation in higher education. Paris, France: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, J. (2004). Internationalization remodeled: Definition, approaches, and rationales. Journal of Studies in International Education, 8(1), 5–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knight, J. (2005). New typologies for crossborder higher education. International Higher Education, 38, 3–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, J. (2006). Crossborder education: An analytical framework for program and provider mobility. In J. Smart (Ed.), Higher education: Handbook of theory and practice. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, J. (2007). Internationalization: A decade of changes and challenges. International Higher Education, 50, 6–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, J. (Ed.). (2014). International education hubs: Student, talent, knowledge, models. Netherlands, Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, J., & de Wit, H. (Eds.). (1997). Internationalisation of higher education in Asia Pacific countries. Amsterdam, Netherland: European Association for International Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, J., Zhang, Y., Gao, L., & Liu, Y. (2005). Trust, ownership, and autonomy: Challenges facing private higher education in China. The China Review, 5(1), 61–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marginson, S. (2009). Is Australia over dependent on international students? International Higher Education, 54, 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maringe, F. (2010). The meanings of globalization and internationalization in higher education: Findings from a world survey. In N. Foskett & F. Maringe (Eds.), Globalization and internationalization in higher education: Theoretical, strategic and management perspectives. New York, USA: Bloomsbury Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazzarol, T., & Soutar, G. N. (2002). ‘Push-pull’ factors influencing international student destination choice. International Journal of Educational Management, 16(2), 82–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Megarrity, L. (2007). A highly-regulated ‘free market’: Commonwealth policies on private overseas students from 1974 to 2005. Australian Journal of Education, 51(1), 39–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Min, W. F. (1994). People’s Republic of China: Autonomy and accountability: An analysis of the changing relationships between the government and universities. In G. Neave & F. Van Vught (Eds.), Government and higher education relationships across three continents: The winds of change. Oxford, UK: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mok, K. H. (2000). Impact of globalization: A study of quality assurance systems of higher education in Hong Kong and Singapore. Comparative Education Review, 44(2), 148–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mok, K. H. (2001). From state control to governance: Decentralization and higher education in Guangdong, China. International Review of Education, 47(1), 123–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mok, K. H. (2005). The quest for world-class university: Quality assurance and international benchmarking in Hong Kong. Quality Assurance in Education, 13(4), 277–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mok, K. H., & Chan, K. K. (2012). The reorientation of higher education: Transnational higher education and challenges for governance in China. In B. Adamson (Ed.), The reorientation of higher education: Compliance and defiance. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Comparative Education Research Centre & Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mok, K. H., & Han, X. (2014). Response to the call for internationalization: Recent development of transnational higher education in China. Paper presented at the 2014 Senior Seminar of The Many Faces of Asia Pacific HE in the Era of Massification, October 2014, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mok, K. H., & Han, X. (2015). Managing changing labour market needs and ‘brain drain’ problems: A study of motivation of students studying abroad or transnational higher education in China. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Globalization, Changing Labour Market and Social Mobility, January 2015, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mok, K. H., & Han, X. (2016). The rise of transnational higher education and changing educational governance in China. International Journal of Comparative Education and Development, 18(1), 19–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mok, K. H., & Ngok, K. L. (2008). One country, diverse systems: Politics of educational decentralization and challenges for regulatory state in post-Mao China. China Review, 8(2), 169–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mok, K. H., & Xu, X. (2008). When China opens to the world: A study of transnational higher education in Zhejiang, China. Asia Pacific Education Review, 9(4), 393–408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mok, K. H., & Yu, K. M. (2011). The quest for regional education hub status and transnational higher education: Challenges for managing human capital in Asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 31(3), 229–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mok, K. H., & Yu, K. M. (Eds.). (2014). Internationalization of higher education in East Asia: Trends of student mobility and impact on education governance. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oakman, D. (2002). ‘Young Asians in our homes’: Colombo Plan students and white Australia. Journal of Australian Studies, 26(72), 89–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (2013). Education indicators in focus. Available at http://www.oecd.org/education/skills-beyond-school/EDIF%202013-N%C2%B014%20(eng)-Final.pdf. Accessed February 1, 2016.

  • Robertson, R. (1995). Globalization: Time-space and homogeneity-heterogeneity. In M. Featherstone, S. Lash, & R. Robertson (Eds.), Global Modernities. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shu, J., & Hawthorne, L. (1996). Asian student migration to Australia. International Migration Quarterly Review, 34(1), 65–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • State Education Commission. (1993). Notice on cooperation with foreign institutions and individuals in running schools in China. Beijing, China: Hainan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • State Education Commission. (1995). Provisional stipulation on Chinese-foreign cooperation in running schools. Beijing, China: Hainan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suror, H. (2005). Cash for class at Oxbridge. Available at http://www.thehindu.com/2005/02/09/stories/2005020902431000.htm. Accessed February 1, 2016.

  • Times Higher Education. (2010, 2015). World university rankings. Available at https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings. Accessed February 1, 2016.

  • Wang, J. B. (2005). Kuaguo gaodeng jioayu yu zhongwai hezuo banxue (Transnational higher education and SFCRS). Jinan: Shandong Jiaoyu Chubanshe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y. J., & Liu, B. C. (2010). Zhongguo gaodeng jiaoyu fazhan sanshinian chengjiu (Achievements of higher education development in China in the last three decades). Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Lingnan University, 8 Castle Peak Road, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong

    Ka Ho Mok

  2. Center for Greater China Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong

    Xiao Han

Authors
  1. Ka Ho Mok
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xiao Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ka Ho Mok .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Lingnan University , Hong Kong, Hong Kong

    Ka Ho Mok

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mok, K.H., Han, X. (2017). Internationalization and Transnationalization of Higher Education: A Review of the Asia Pacific Region. In: Mok, K. (eds) Managing International Connectivity, Diversity of Learning and Changing Labour Markets. Higher Education in Asia: Quality, Excellence and Governance. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1736-0_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1736-0_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-1734-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-1736-0

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation