Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Opportunistic Viral Infections

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pathology of Opportunistic Infections

  • 1199 Accesses

Abstract

Viral infections most often represent reactivation of latent or subclinical infection in immunocompromised host. Both viral and host factors determine the susceptibility to infection. The susceptibility and severity of viral infections increases in conditions with inherited or acquired immunodeficiency, immunosuppressive drug therapy, or transplant recipients or in patients with compromised cellular immunity, e.g., AIDS.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Further Reading

  1. Agrawal V, Gupta RK, Jain M, Prasad N, Sharma RK. Polyomavirus nephropathy and Cytomegalovirus nephritis in renal allograft recipients. Indian J Path Microbiol. 2010;53:672–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Alford C. Breast milk transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1991;310:293–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Anagnostopoulos I, Hummel M, Finn T. Heterogenous E-B virus infection patterns in peripheral T-cell lymphoma of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy type. Blood. 1992;80:1804–12.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Andres D, Hassan AF, Walker P, Sweny GPD, Emery VC. Prospective study of human beta herpes viruses after renal transplantation: association of hhv-7 and CMV coinfection with CMV disease and increased rejection. Transplantation. 2000;69:2400–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Balfeur HH. Varicella zoster virus infection in 1C hosts. A review of the natural history and management. Am J Med. 1988;85:68–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Berger T, Sawchuk WS, Leonardi C, et al. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis – associated papillomavirus infection complicating human immunodeficiency virus. Br J Dermatol. 1991;124:79–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Berneman ZN, Ablashi DV, Li G et al. Human herepes virus 7 is a T lymphotropic virus and is related to, but significantly different from human herpes virus 6 and human cytomegalovirus. Proc Nalt Acad Sci. 1992;89:10552–6.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bosch FX, Manos MM, Munoz N, Shernan M, Jansen AM, Peto J, Schiffman MH, Moseno V, Kurman R, Shah KV. International biological study on cervical cancer (IBSCC) study group: prevalence of human papillomavirus in cervical cancer: a worldwide perspective. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87:796–802.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Boshoff C, Schultz TF, Kennedy MM, et al. Kaposi’s sarcoma association – herpes virus infects endothelial and spindle cells. Nature Med. 1995;1:1274–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. William B. BK polyomavirus: a newly recognized threat to transplanted kidneys. Clev Clin J Med. 2003;70:1056–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Chang Y, Cesarman E, Persun MS, Lee F, Culpepper J, Knowles DM, Moore PS. Identification of herpes virus like DNA sequences in AIDS – associated Kaposi’s sarcoma. Science. 1994;265:1865–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Chen JH, Mao YY, He Q, Wu JY, Lv R. The impact of pretransplant cytomegalovirus infection on acute renal allograft rejection. Transplant Proc. 2005;37:4203–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Chesters PM, Heritage J, Mc Cance DJ. Persistence of DNA sequences of BK virus and JC virus in normal human tissues. J Infect Dis. 1983;47:676–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Enders G. Varicella-zoster virus infection in pregnancy. Prog Med Virol. 1984;29:166–96.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Evan AS, Subrahmanya L, et al. Prevalence, incidence and persistence of EB virus antibody in young adults. N Engl J Med. 1970;282:361–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Griffiths PD, Emery VC. Clinical and laboratory evaluation of CMV induced mononucleosis in previously healthy individuals: report of 82 cases. Medicine. 1986;65:124–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Gupta RK. Opportunistic infections in renal allograft recipients. Transplant Proc. 2007;39:731–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Gupta RK. Opportunistic viral infections. In: Pathology of opportunistic infections in tropics. New Delhi: Jaypee; 2007. p. 15.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Gutierrez J, Vergara MJ, Guerrero M, et al. Multiple sclerosis and human herpes virus 6. Infection. 2000;30:145–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Holman RC, Janssen RS, Buehler JW, Zelashy MT, Hooper WC. Epidemiology of PML in the United States: analysis of national mortality and AIDS surveillance data. Neurology. 1991;41:1733–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Hoshino K, Nishi T, Adachi H, et al. Human herpes virus 6 infection in renal allografts: retrospective immunohistochemical study in Japanese recipients. Transplant Int. 1995;8:169–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. International Committee on Taxonomy of viruses. In: Regenmortel MHVran, Fauquet CM, Bishop DHL, et al, editors. Virus taxonomy. Seventh report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of viruses. San Diego: Academic Press, Inc.; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Jain M, Badwal S, Pandey R, Srivastava A, Sharma RK, Gupta RK. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders in live donor renal transplantation. Clin Transplant. 2005;19:669–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Kunn L, Sun XW, Wright Jr TC. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and female lower genital tract malignancy. Cur Opin Obstet Gynecol. 1999;11:35–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Leigh IM, Buchanan JA, Harwood CA, Cerio R, Storey A. Role of human papilloma-viruses in cutaneous and oral manifestations of immunosuppression. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1999;21:549–57.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Lopez C, Honess RW. HHV-6. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, editors. Virology. 2nd ed. New York: Raven; 1990. p. 2055–62.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Mattes M, McLaughtien JE, Emery VC, Clarck DA, Griffiths PD. Histopathological detection of owl’s eye inclusions is still specific for CMV in the era of human herpes virus 6 & 7. J Clin Pathol. 2000;53:612–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Morey AL, Ferguson DJP, Lesle KO, Taatjes DJ, Fleming KA. Intracellular localization of parvovirus B19 nucleic acid at the ultrastructural level by in situ hybrid with digoxigenin – labeled probes. Histochem J. 1993;25:421–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Nickeleit V, Klimkait T, Buiet IF, Dahlquer P, Delzenero V, Thiel G, Mihatsch MJ, Hirsch H. Testing for polymavirus type BK DNA in plasma to identify renal allograft recipients with viral nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1309–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Palefxky JM. Human papillomavirus infection and anogenital neoplasia in human immunodeficiency virus-positive men and women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998;23:15–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Richman DD, Whitley RJ, Hayden FG. Virus in: clinical virology. Washington, DC: ASM Press; 2002. p. 447.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Richtsmeier WJ, Wittels EG, Mazur EM. Epstein–Barr virus-associated malignancies. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 1987;25:105–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Rubin RH. Importance of the CMV in the transplant population. Transpl Infect Dis. 1999;1:3–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Salahuddin SZ, Ablashi DV, Markhan PD, Josephs SF, Sturzenegger S, Kaplan M, Halligan G, Biberfetd P, Wong Staal F, Kramarsk B. Isolation of a new virus, HBLV in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. Science. 1986;234596–601.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Shibata D, Weiss L, Hernandez A, Nath WB, Bernstein L, Levine A. Epstein-Barr virus associated lymphoma in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Blood. 1993;81:2102–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Sillman FH, Sentovich S, Shaffer D. Anogenital neoplasia in renal transplant patients. Ann Transplant. 1997;2:59–66.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Stagno D, Pass RF, Cloud G, et al. Primary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy: incidence, transmission to fetus and clinical outcome. JAMA. 1986;256:1904–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Suga S, Yoshikawa T, Nagai T, Asano Y. Clinical features and virological findings in children with primary human herpes virus 7 infection. Pediatrics. 1997;99:e4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Takanashi M, Ito M, Sakamoto F, Shimizu FT, Takahashi M, Matsunaga Y. Parvovirus B19 infection: immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies of skin lesions. J Cutan Pathol. 1998;22:168–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Tieben LM, Berkhout RJ, Smits HL, et al. Detection of epidermodysplasia verruciformis like human papillomavirus types in malignant and premalignant skin lesions of renal transplant recipients. Br J Dermatol. 1994;131:226–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India

    Ramesh K. Gupta

  2. Department of Histopathology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India

    Pallav Gupta

Authors
  1. Ramesh K. Gupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pallav Gupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sanjay Gandhi PG Inst of Medical Science, Department Pathology Sanjay Gandhi PG Inst of Medical Science, Lucknow, India

    Ramesh K. Gupta

  2. Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Department of Histopathology Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India

    Pallav Gupta

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gupta, R.K., Gupta, P. (2017). Opportunistic Viral Infections. In: Gupta, R., Gupta, P. (eds) Pathology of Opportunistic Infections . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1669-1_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1669-1_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-1668-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-1669-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation