Abstract
Since its first description in 1992, laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of most adrenal conditions. The benefits of a minimally invasive approach to adrenal resection include decreased length of stay, decreased analgesic use, lesser blood loss and shorter recovery time. In addition, difficulty with open surgical exposure and the small size of the adrenal gland make this organ particularly amenable to a minimally invasive technique. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy can be performed via various approaches, transperitoneally, retroperitoneally or robotic. The superiority of any one approach as compared to the others has not been demonstrated in various systematic reviews. Hence, the choice of approach is very much dependent on the patient’s condition and the surgeon’s experience.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Welbourn RB. The history of endocrine surgery. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group; 1990.
Prager G, Heinz-Peer G, Passler C, Kaczirek K, Schindl M, Scheuba C, et al. Surgical strategy in adrenal masses. Eur J Radiol. 2002;41(1):70–7.
Gagner M, Lacroix A, Bolte E. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy in Cushing's syndrome and pheochromocytoma. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(14):1033.
Assalia A, Gagner M. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Br J Surg. 2004;91(10):1259–74.
Young WF Jr. Clinical practice. The incidentally discovered adrenal mass. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(6):601–10.
Terzolo M, Bovio S, Pia A, Reimondo G, Angeli A. Management of adrenal incidentaloma. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;23(2):233–43.
Aron DC. The adrenal incidentaloma: disease of modern technology and public health problem. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2001;2(3):335–42.
Bovio S, Cataldi A, Reimondo G, Sperone P, Novello S, Berruti A, et al. Prevalence of adrenal incidentaloma in a contemporary computerized tomography series. J Endocrinol Invest. 2006;29(4):298–302.
Herrera MF, Grant CS, van Heerden JA, Sheedy PF, Ilstrup DM. Incidentally discovered adrenal tumors: an institutional perspective. Surgery. 1991;110(6):1014–21.
Terzolo M, Ali A, Osella G, Mazza E. Prevalence of adrenal carcinoma among incidentally discovered adrenal masses. A retrospective study from 1989 to 1994. Gruppo Piemontese Incidentalomi Surrenalici. Arch Surg. 1997;132(8):914–9.
Terzolo M, Stigliano A, Chiodini I, Loli P, Furlani L, Arnaldi G, et al. AME position statement on adrenal incidentaloma. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;164(6):851–70.
Angeli A, Osella G, Ali A, Terzolo M. Adrenal incidentaloma: an overview of clinical and epidemiological data from the National Italian Study Group. Horm Res. 1997;47(4-6):279–83.
Zeiger MA, Thompson GB, Duh QY, Hamrahian AH, Angelos P, Elaraj D, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Medical Guidelines for the Management of Adrenal Incidentalomas: executive summary of recommendations. Endocr Pract. 2009;15(5):450–3.
Grumbach MM, Biller BM, Braunstein GD, Campbell KK, Carney JA, Godley PA, et al. Management of the clinically inapparent adrenal mass (“incidentaloma”). Ann Intern Med. 2003;138(5):424–9.
Hamrahian AH, Ioachimescu AG, Remer EM, Motta-Ramirez G, Bogabathina H, Levin HS, et al. Clinical utility of noncontrast computed tomography attenuation value (hounsfield units) to differentiate adrenal adenomas/hyperplasias from nonadenomas: Cleveland Clinic experience. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(2):871–7.
Dunnick NR, Korobkin M, Francis I. Adrenal radiology: distinguishing benign from malignant adrenal masses. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;167(4):861–7.
Lam KY, Lo CY. Metastatic tumours of the adrenal glands: a 30-year experience in a teaching hospital. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2002;56(1):95–101.
Cawood TJ, Hunt PJ, O’Shea D, Cole D, Soule S. Recommended evaluation of adrenal incidentalomas is costly, has high false-positive rates and confers a risk of fatal cancer that is similar to the risk of the adrenal lesion becoming malignant; time for a rethink? Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;161(4):513–27.
Mantero F, Terzolo M, Arnaldi G, Osella G, Masini AM, Ali A, et al. A survey on adrenal incidentaloma in Italy. Study group on adrenal tumors of the Italian society of endocrinology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(2):637–44.
Funder JW, Carey RM, Mantero F, Murad MH, Reincke M, Shibata H, et al. The Management of Primary Aldosteronism: Case Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2016:101(5):1889–1916.
Thompson GB, Grant CS, van Heerden JA, Schlinkert RT, Young WF Jr, Farley DR, et al. Laparoscopic versus open posterior adrenalectomy: a case-control study of 100 patients. Surgery. 1997;122(6):1132–6.
Gonzalez RJ, Shapiro S, Sarlis N, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Perrier ND, Evans DB, et al. Laparoscopic resection of adrenal cortical carcinoma: a cautionary note. Surgery. 2005;138(6):1078–85. discussion 85–6
Saunders BD, Doherty GM. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for malignant disease. Lancet Oncol. 2004;5(12):718–26.
Shen WT, Kebebew E, Clark OH, Duh QY. Reasons for conversion from laparoscopic to open or hand-assisted adrenalectomy: review of 261 laparoscopic adrenalectomies from 1993 to 2003. World J Surg. 2004;28(11):1176–9.
Shen ZJ, Chen SW, Wang S, Jin XD, Chen J, Zhu Y, et al. Predictive factors for open conversion of laparoscopic adrenalectomy: a 13-year review of 456 cases. J Endourol. 2007;21(11):1333–7.
Machado NO, Al Qadhi H, Al Wahaibi K, Rizvi SG. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for large adrenocortical carcinoma. JSLS. 2015;19(3):e2015.00036.
Brandao LF, Autorino R, Laydner H, Haber GP, Ouzaid I, De Sio M, et al. Robotic versus laparoscopic adrenalectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol. 2014;65(6):1154–61.
Chai YJ, Kwon H, Yu HW, Kim SJ, Choi JY, Lee KE, et al. Systematic review of surgical approaches for adrenal tumors: lateral transperitoneal versus posterior retroperitoneal and laparoscopic versus robotic adrenalectomy. Int J Endocrinol. 2014;2014:918346.
Constantinides VA, Christakis I, Touska P, Palazzo FF. Systematic review and meta-analysis of retroperitoneoscopic versus laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Br J Surg. 2012;99(12):1639–48.
Mercan S, Seven R, Ozarmagan S, Tezelman S. Endoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy. Surgery. 1995;118(6):1071–5. discussion 5–6
Walz MK, Peitgen K, Krause U, Eigler FW. Dorsal retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy--a new surgical technique. Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie. 1995;120(1):53–8.
Walz MK, Peitgen K, Hoermann R, Giebler RM, Mann K, Eigler FW. Posterior retroperitoneoscopy as a new minimally invasive approach for adrenalectomy: results of 30 adrenalectomies in 27 patients. World J Surg. 1996;20(7):769–74.
Walz MK, Alesina PF, Wenger FA, Deligiannis A, Szuczik E, Petersenn S, et al. Posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy—results of 560 procedures in 520 patients. Surgery. 2006;140(6):943–8. discussion 8–50
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hu, J.S., Cheah, W.K. (2018). Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy. In: Parameswaran, R., Agarwal, A. (eds) Evidence-Based Endocrine Surgery. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1124-5_32
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1124-5_32
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-1123-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-1124-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)