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Medicinal Plants - Recent Advances in Research and Development pp 73–95Cite as

Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS): Approaches to Adulterant Detection in Herbal Products

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Abstract

An ever increasing global demand for herbal-based medicines in recent years has resulted in a serious public concern over its quality and safety. The consumption of adulterated herbal products can lead to unexpected and unpredictable pharmacological responses in the human body and various health-related risks. Adulteration of herbal products is a global concern and poses a major challenge for analytical laboratories to detect and characterize them. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS) is widely used for screening of adulterants, mainly due to their high selectivity and sensitivity, which is crucial for analyzing complex natural product samples. The present article consists of an overview of drug adulteration and evaluation of herbal products with a special reference to the approaches in adulterant detection and regulatory perspectives to control such malpractices. Also, adulteration in slimming phytotherapeutic formulations, PDE-5 inhibitors in herbal formulations has been discussed.

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Abbreviations

APCI:

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization

APPI:

Atmospheric pressure photoionization

AYUSH:

Ayurveda, yoga, unani, siddha, homoeopathy

BMI:

Body mass index

CAGR:

Compound annual growth rate

CE:

Capillary electrophoresis

CID:

Collision-induced dissociation

DDMS:

N-di-desmethyl sibutramine

DMS:

N-mono-desmethyl sibutramine

EFSA:

European Food Safety Authority

EMA:

European Medicines Agency

ESI:

Electrospray ionization

EU:

European Union

FT-ICR:

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance

GC:

Gas chromatography

GIA:

Global industry analysts

HPLC:

High-pressure or high-performance liquid chromatography

HPTLC:

High-performance thin-layer chromatography

HRMS:

High-resolution mass spectrometric

IMS:

Ion mobility spectrometry

IT:

Ion trap

IT–TOF:

Ion trap–time of flight

LC–IR:

Liquid chromatography–infrared spectroscopy

LC–MS:

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

LC–MS/MS:

Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

LC–NMR:

Liquid chromatography–nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

LTQ–orbitrap:

Linear ion trap quadrupole–orbitrap

LTQ–FT:

Linear ion trap–Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance

MRM:

Multiple reaction monitoring

OTC:

Over-the-counter

PDE-5:

Phosphodiesterase type 5

QAQC:

Quality assurance and quality control

Q–FT-ICR:

Quadrupole–Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance

Q-IT:

Quadrupole ion trap

QqQ:

Triple quadrupole

Q–TOF:

Quadrupole–time of flight

SATCM:

State administration of traditional Chinese medicine

SIM:

Selected ion monitoring

SRM:

Selective reaction monitoring

TCM:

Traditional Chinese medicine

TIM:

Traditional Indian medicine

TOF:

Time of flight

USFDA:

United States food and drug administration

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), DST, New Delhi, India, for the financial support for this research work under ‘Start-Up Research Grant’ (Young Scientists) (NO. SB/YS/LS-82/2013). The authors would also like to thank Dr. Ahmed Kamal, Project Director, NIPER, Hyderabad, for his constant support and encouragement.

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  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad (NIPER-H), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India

    N. Satheeshkumar, David Paul & A. Lingesh

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  1. N. Satheeshkumar
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  2. David Paul
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  3. A. Lingesh
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Correspondence to N. Satheeshkumar .

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  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan

    Hsin-Sheng Tsay

  2. Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Taipei, Taiwan

    Lie-Fen Shyur

  3. Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan

    Dinesh Chandra Agrawal

  4. School of Pharmacy and Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Yang-Chang Wu

  5. College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Sheng-Yang Wang

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© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

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Satheeshkumar, N., Paul, D., Lingesh, A. (2016). Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS): Approaches to Adulterant Detection in Herbal Products. In: Tsay, HS., Shyur, LF., Agrawal, D., Wu, YC., Wang, SY. (eds) Medicinal Plants - Recent Advances in Research and Development. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1085-9_3

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