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The Preparation for Constitutionalism and the Drafting of Constitution in the Late Qing Dynasty

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The History of Chinese Legal Civilization
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Abstract

After the Opium War, China was threatened with a growing crisis of invasion by the western powers. Under this national situation, the enlightened ideologists and politicians began to wage up the struggle to fight against the autocratic monarchy and to pursue constitutionalism, i.e., to adopt the modern democratic politics of the western countries in an attempt to gain independence and to achieve prosperity in China.

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Notes

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  27. 27.

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    See Footnote 27.

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    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 1), p. 33.

  33. 33.

    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 1), p. 112.

  34. 34.

    Xin Hai Revolution (Book 4), pp. 28–29.

  35. 35.

    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 1), p. 111.

  36. 36.

    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 1), p. 29.

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    “Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao” (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 1), p. 43.

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  57. 57.

    See Footnote 56.

  58. 58.

    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 1), p. 464.

  59. 59.

    Guang Xu Chao Dong Hua Lu (The Record of Donghua in the Reign of Guangxu), p. 5408.

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  62. 62.

    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 1), p. 379.

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    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 1), p. 504.

  64. 64.

    Li Jiannong, Wu Xu Yi Hou San Shi Nian Zhong Guo Zheng Zhi Shi (The Chinese Political History in the Thirty Years after Wu Xu Reform) (Chapter 3), p. 66.

  65. 65.

    See Footnote 64.

  66. 66.

    Jue Ming, “Yu Bei Li Xian Zhi Man Zhou”(Manchu under Preparation for Constitutionalism) in Min Bao (The People’s Paper), No. 19, p. 99.

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    Liang Qichao, “Li Xian Jiu Nian Chou Bei An Gong Ba” (Postscripts on Nine-Year Preparation for Constitutionalism) in Xin Hai Revolution (Book 4), p. 144.

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    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 1), p. 579.

  82. 82.

    See Footnote 81.

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  89. 89.

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  109. 109.

    See Footnote 108.

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    See Footnote 109.

  111. 111.

    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 2), p. 714.

  112. 112.

    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 2), p. 716.

  113. 113.

    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 2), p. 717.

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    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 2), pp. 719–720.

  115. 115.

    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 2), p. 723.

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    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 2), p. 724.

  117. 117.

    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 2), p. 741.

  118. 118.

    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 1), pp. 757–758.

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    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 2), pp. 751–752.

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  123. 123.

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  124. 124.

    See Footnote 123.

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    Guang Xu Chao Dong Hua Lu (The Record of Donghua in the Reign of Guangxu), pp. 5980–5981.

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    See Footnote 126.

  128. 128.

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  129. 129.

    See Footnote 128.

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    Dong Fang Za Zhi (Eastern Miscellanies), No. 8, 1908.

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    See Footnote 138.

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  141. 141.

    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 1), pp. 95–96.

  142. 142.

    See Footnote 141.

  143. 143.

    See Footnote 141.

  144. 144.

    Xin Hai Revolution (Book 4), p. 92.

  145. 145.

    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 1), p. 98.

  146. 146.

    “Xuan Tong San Nian Jiu Yue Shi San Ri Lu Jun Di Er Shi Zhen Tong Zhi Zhang Shaozeng Hui Zou Zhe” (Memorial by Zhang Shaozeng, the Division Commander of the 20th Division, on September 13 of the Third Year of Xuantong) in Xin Hai Revolution (Book 4), p. 96.

  147. 147.

    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 1), p. 101.

  148. 148.

    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 1), pp. 102–103.

  149. 149.

    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 1), pp. 101–102.

  150. 150.

    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 1), p. 208.

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Zhang, J. (2020). The Preparation for Constitutionalism and the Drafting of Constitution in the Late Qing Dynasty. In: The History of Chinese Legal Civilization. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1032-3_6

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