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The Developments and Setbacks of the Chinese Modern Legal Civilization During the Period of the Beijing Government (1912–1928)

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Abstract

In April 1912, Yuan Shikai took the post of the great provisional president in Beijing and established “Beijing Zheng Fu” (Beijing Government). Although the form of a republic was maintained by the Beijing Government, it was successively ruled by different warlords. As a result, it was only a republic in name. Although Sun Yat-sen had twice launched the movement of “Hu Fa Yun Dong” (Constitution Protection Movements), both of them ended in failure.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Yuan Da Zong Tong Shu Du Hui Bian (A Collection of Letters of President Yuan Shikai), Vol. 1, p. 13.

  2. 2.

    Yuan Da Zong Tong Shu Du Hui Bian (A Collection of Letters of President Yuan Shikai),Vol. 1, p. 15.

  3. 3.

    “Yue Fa Hui Yi Kai Hui Song Ci” (An Opening Speech on the Conference of Constitution) in Yuan Da Zong Tong Shu Du Hui Bian (A Collection of Letters of President Yuan Shikai), Vol. 1, p. 39.

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    W. Reginald Wheeler, Zhong Guo Yu Shi Jie Zhan Zheng (China and the World War).

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  6. 6.

    “Zhuang Hua Ge Ming Da Yuan Shuai Xi” (The Proclamation of the Grand Marshal of the Revolutionary Army of China) in Sun Zhong Shan Quan Ji (The Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen), The People’s Publishing House, 1981.

  7. 7.

    “Fu Gang Shang Chen Geng Ru Han” (Response to Chen Gengru, the HK Merchant) in Zong Li Quan Ji (The Complete Works of the Premier) (Book 3) by Hu Hanmin.

  8. 8.

    “Zhong Hua Min Guo Xian Fa Shi Qian Bian Xu” (Preface to the First Part of the Constitutional History of the Republic of China) in Sun Zhong Shan Quan Shu (The Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen) (Book 4).

  9. 9.

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  10. 10.

    “Fu Gang Shang Chen Geng Ru Han” (A Response to Chen Gengru, the HK Merchant) in Zong Li Quan Ji (The Complete Works of the Premier) (Book 3) by Hu Hanmin.

  11. 11.

    “Speeches” in Zhong Shan Cong Shu (Series of Books by Sun Yat-sen), p. 55.

  12. 12.

    “Zhong Hua Min Guo Xian Fa Shi Qian Bian Xu” (Preface to the First Part of the Constitutional History of the Republic of China) in Sun Zhong Shan Quan Shu (The Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen) (Book 4), Guangyi Publishing House, 1929, p. 1221.

  13. 13.

    See footnote 11.

  14. 14.

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  17. 17.

    See footnote 14.

  18. 18.

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  20. 20.

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  21. 21.

    Wu Zongci, Zhong Hua Min Guo Xian Fa Shi Qian Bian Xu (Preface to the First Part of the Constitutional History of the Republic of China) (Chapter 4), p. 101.

  22. 22.

    “Yuan Shikai Zhi Li Yuan Hong Deng Dian” (Yuan Shikai’s Telegraph to Li Yuanhong and Others), October 25, 1913, in Feng Tian Sheng Gong Shu Dang (The Archives of Fengtian Government Office).

  23. 23.

    Wu Jingxiong and Huang Gongjue, Zhong Guo Zhi Xian Shi (The Constitutional History of China) (Book 1), pp. 50–52.

  24. 24.

    Zhang Guofu, Min Guo Xian Fa Shi (The Constitutional History of the Republic of China), Huawen Publishing House, 1991, p. 94.

  25. 25.

    See footnote 24.

  26. 26.

    Wu Zongci, Zhong Hua Min Guo Xian Fa Shi Qian Bian Xu (Preface to the First Part of the Constitutional History of the Republic of China) (Chapter 6), p. 287.

  27. 27.

    Zhang Hengti (et al. edited), Wu Pei Fu Xian Sheng Ji (Collection of Works of Mr. Wu Peifu), Wenhai Publishing House, 1966, p. 352.

  28. 28.

    Yang Youjiong, Jin Dai Zhong Guo Li Fa Shi (The Legislative History in Modern China), Shanghai Bookshop Publishing House, 1989, p. 313.

  29. 29.

    See footnote 28.

  30. 30.

    “Jin Nian Shuang Shi Jie Ying Gai Zhu Yi De Si Da Shi” (Four Noteworthy Events on the Double Tenth Day This Year) in Xiang Dao Zhou Bao (The Guide Weekly), No. 42, p. 317.

  31. 31.

    Xie Zhenmin (edited), Zhong Hua Min Guo Li Fa Shi (The Legislative History of the Republic of China) (Book 2), China University of Political Science and Law Press, 2000, p. 887.

  32. 32.

    Xie Zhenmin (edited), Zhong Hua Min Guo Li Fa Shi (The Legislative History of the Republic of China) (Book 2), 2000, p. 891.

  33. 33.

    Xie Zhenmin (edited), Zhong Hua Min Guo Li Fa Shi (The Legislative History of the Republic of China) (Book 2), p. 949.

  34. 34.

    Jiang Yong, “Wu Shi Nian Lai Zhong Guo Zhi Fa Zhi” (China’s Legal Institution in the Recent Fifty Years) in Zui Jin Zhi Wu Shi Nian (The Recent Fifty Years) (edited by Shen Bao), The Commercial Press, 1923.

  35. 35.

    Jiang Yong, “Wu Shi Nian Lai Zhong Guo Zhi Fa Zhi” (China’s Legal Institution in the Recent Fifty Years).

  36. 36.

    Wu Si Shi Qi Qi Kan Jie Shao (Introduction to the Journals during the Period of May 4th Movement) (Book 2), p. 346.

  37. 37.

    Zhong Gong Zhong Yang Wen Jian Xuan Ji (The Selected Documents of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee), Vol. 2, Party School of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee Press, 1982, p. 26.

  38. 38.

    Sun Zhong Shan Quan Ji (The Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen), Vol. 11, p. 129.

  39. 39.

    Di Yi Ci Guo Nei Ge Ming Zhan Zhong Shi Qi De Nong Min Yun Dong Zi Liao (TheMaterials on the Peasant Movements during the 1st Revolutionary Civil War), The People’s Publishing House, 1983, p. 423.

  40. 40.

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  41. 41.

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  42. 42.

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  43. 43.

    Si Fa Gong Bao Lin Shi Zeng Kan (Temporary Supplementary Issue of Judicial Communique), 1916, No. 71, Gong Shen Publishing House.

  44. 44.

    Fa Zhi Ping Lun (Law Review), No. 182, in Fa Jie Xiao Xi (News of the Legal Sector), Statistics by the Department of Justice of Beijing Government during the Republican Period, December, 1926.

  45. 45.

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  46. 46.

    Yang Honglie, Zhong Guo Fa Lv Fa Da Shi (The History of the Development of Chinese Law).

  47. 47.

    Liang Qichao, “Fa Zhi Ping Lun Zhi Ti Ci” (Inscription for Law Review) in Fa Zhi Ping Lun (Law Review), No. 1.

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Zhang, J. (2020). The Developments and Setbacks of the Chinese Modern Legal Civilization During the Period of the Beijing Government (1912–1928). In: The History of Chinese Legal Civilization. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1032-3_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1032-3_13

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