Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Commercial Legislation: From Restriction to Protection

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The History of Chinese Legal Civilization

  • 317 Accesses

Abstract

During the reign of the Qing dynasty, the policy of “Zhong Nong Yi Shang” (encouraging agriculture and restraining commerce) was continued. The bud of capitalism in China’s south-east coast areas was stifled because of the banning of marine trade which was carried out from the late Southern Song dynasty to the beginning of the Ming dynasty.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Sheng Yu, “Shu Tie Lu Shu Lue Hou” (After the Brief Summary on Railway) in “Yang Wu Yun Dong” (Westernization Movement) (Part 6) in Zhong Guo Jin Dai Shi Zi Liao Cong Kan (Collection on Documents of Chinese Modern History), p. 318.

  2. 2.

    “Dong Zhongshu Zhuan” (The Biography of Dong Zhongshu) in Han Shu (The History of Han Dynasty).

  3. 3.

    Wang Tao, “Xing Li” (Doing a Beneficial Business) in Tao Yuan Wen Lu Wai Bian (Extra Collection of Documents in Tao Yuan), Vol. 2.

  4. 4.

    Chen Chi, “Gong Jin Zhi Gong Shuo” (Tools for Metallurgy) in Xu Guo Fu Ce (Continuance to an Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations), Vol. 3.

  5. 5.

    He Qi and Hu Liyuan, “Xin Zheng Shi Ji” (Initial Foundation of the New Deal) in Xin Zheng Zhen Quan (The Real Interpretations of the New Administration) (Book 3).

  6. 6.

    Zheng Guanying, “Shang Wu” (Commerce) in Sheng Shi Wei Yan (Crisis Awareness in Heyday).

  7. 7.

    Chen Chi, “Kao Gong” (Handicraft Assessment) in Yong Shu Wai Pian (Supplement to the Book of Yong), Vol. 1.

  8. 8.

    Xue Fucheng, “Shang Zheng” (Commercial Politics) in Chou Yang Chu Yi (On Preparations for Westernization Movement).

  9. 9.

    Ma Jianzhong, “Fu Min Shuo” (On Richening People) in Shi Ke Zhai Ji Yan (The Record in Shi Ke Room), Vol. 1.

  10. 10.

    Xue Fucheng, Chu Shi Ying Fa Yi Bi Si Guo Ri Ji (Diaries on Diplomatic Mission to England, France, Italy and Belgium).

  11. 11.

    Xue Fucheng, “Ying Ji Li Yong Shang Wu Pi Huang Di Shuo” (On the Development of Wasteland by Commerce in England) in Yong An Hai Wai Wen Bian (Collections of Essays Overseas by Xue Fucheng), Vol. 3.

  12. 12.

    Xue Fucheng, “Shang Zheng” (Commercial Politics) in Chou Yang Chu Yi (On Preparations for Westernization Movement).

  13. 13.

    Chen Chi, “Gong Si” (Company) in Yong Shu Wai Pian (Supplement to the Book of Yong), Vol. I.

  14. 14.

    Zheng Guanying, “Chuan Jiao” (Preaching) in Sheng Shi Wei Yan (Crisis Awareness in Heyday), Vol. 2.

  15. 15.

    Zheng Guanying, “Shang Wu” (Commerce) in Sheng Shi Wei Yan (Crisis Awareness in Heyday).

  16. 16.

    Zheng Guangying, “Hou Bian” (Postscript) in Sheng Shi Wei Yan (Crisis Awareness in Heyday), Vol. 7.

  17. 17.

    Zheng Guanying, “Shang Wu Tan” (Opinions on Commerce) in Luo Fu Zhi He Shan Ren Shi Cao (Collection of Zheng Guanying's Works), Vol. 2.

  18. 18.

    Zheng Guanying, “Bin Bei Yang Tong Shang Da Chen Li Fu Xiang Tiao Chen Lun Chuan Zhao Shang Ju Li Bi” (Suggestions to Commercial Minister Li Fuxiang on Pros and Cons of the Investment Invitation Bureau for Ships) in Yang Wu Yun Dong (Westernization Movement) (Book 6), p. 113.

  19. 19.

    Chen Zhi, “Shang Bu” (The Departmentof Commerce) in Yong Shu Wai Pian (Supplement to the Book of Yong), Vol. 1.

  20. 20.

    Xue Fucheng, Chu Shi Ri Ji Xu Ke (Supplementary Journals on Ambassador in Foreign Countries), Vol. 5.

  21. 21.

    Zheng Guanying, “Shang Wu” (Commerce) in Sheng Shi Wei Yan (Crisis Awareness in Heyday).

  22. 22.

    He Qi, Hu Lihuan, “Xin Zheng Bian Tong” (Accommodation of New Administration) in Xin Zheng Zhen Quan (The Real Interpretations of the New Administration).

  23. 23.

    Ma Jianzhong, “Mian Li Bing” (Petition for Tax Exemption) in Shi Ke Zhai Ji Yan (The Record in Shi Ke Room).

  24. 24.

    See footnote 23.

  25. 25.

    Zheng Guanying, “Shui Ze” (Tariff Regulations) in Sheng Shi Wei Yan (Crisis Awareness in Heyday).

  26. 26.

    Chen Chi, “Shui Si” (Bureau of Tariff) in Yong Shu (Mediocre Book).

  27. 27.

    Zheng Guanying, “Li Juan” (Tax) in Sheng Shi Wei Yan (Crisis Awareness in Heyday).

  28. 28.

    He Qi, Hu Liyuan, “Xin Zheng Lun Yi” (Discussion on New Administration) in “Xin Zheng Zhen Quan” (The Real Interpretations of the New Adminstration).

  29. 29.

    Ma Jianzhong, “Mian Li Bing” (Petition for Tax Exemption) in Shi Ke Zhai Ji Yan (The Record in Shi Ke Room).

  30. 30.

    Zheng Guanying, “Li Juan” (Tax) in Sheng Shi Wei Yan (Crisis Awareness in Heyday).

  31. 31.

    “Shi Ban Ji Qi Ju Zhe” (Memorial about Establishing Office for Managing Machines) in “Zou Gao” (The Memorials to the Emperor) in Li Wen Zhong Gong Quan Ji (The Complete Works of Mr. Li Wenzhong), Vol. 43, p. 44.

  32. 32.

    He Qi, Hu Liyuan, “Xin Zheng Lun Yi” (Discussion on New Administration) in Xin Zheng Zhen Quan (The Real Interpretations of the New Adminstration), Vol. 2.

  33. 33.

    Da Qing Fa Gui Da QuanXu Ji (A Sequel of Complete Collection of Laws and Regulations of Great Qing), edited by “Xian Zheng Bian Cha Guan” (The Constitutional Compilation Bureau).

  34. 34.

    Guang Xu Chao Dong Hua Lu (The Record of Donghua in the Reign of Guangxu), p. 4763.

  35. 35.

    Sheng Xuanhuai, Yu Zhai Cun Gao (Manuscripts of Yu Zhai), Vol. 7, p. 35.

  36. 36.

    “De Zong Jing Huang Di Shi Lu” (The Record of Emperor De Zongjing) in Qing Shi Lu (The Record of the Qing Dynasty), Vol. 495, Zhonghua Book Company, p. 537.

  37. 37.

    Guang Xu Chao Dong Hua Lu (The Record of Donghua in the Reign of Guangxu), pp. 5013–5014.

  38. 38.

    Qing Shi Lu (The Record of Qing Dynasty), Vol. 513.

  39. 39.

    Fan Baichuan, “Er Shi Shi Ji Chu Zhong Guo Zi Ben Zhu Yi De Fa Zhan Gai Kuang Ji Te Dian” (The Development and Characteristics of Capitalism in the Early twentieth Century of China) in Li Shi Yan Jiu (History Study), No. 4, 1983.

  40. 40.

    Xiang Quan, “Wu Shi Nian Lai Zhong Guo Zhi Gong Ye” (The Industry of China in the Past 50 Years) in Dong Fang Za Zhi (Eastern Miscellanies), No. 7, Vol. 8, 1912.

  41. 41.

    Shang Bu Zou Quan Ban Shang Hui Jian Ming Zhang Cheng Zhe (Memorial to the Emperor about Establishing the Chamber of Commerce and Drafting the Concise Regulations) in Dong Fang Za Zhi (Eastern Miscellanies), No. 1, Vol. 1, 1904.

  42. 42.

    “Shi Ye” (Industry) in Da Qing Xin Fa Ling (The New Decrees of Great Qing), Commercial Publishing House, 2010.

  43. 43.

    “Shang Bu Quan Ban Shang Hui Yu Tie” (Memorial on the Establishment of the Chamber of Commerce by the Department of Commerce) in Dong Fang Za Zhi (Eastern Miscellanies), No. 2, Vol. 1, 1904.

  44. 44.

    He Ying, “Qing Mo Shang Hui De Cheng Li Yu Guan Shang Guan Xi De Yan Bian” (On the Establishment of Chamber of Commerce and the Evolution of the Relationship of Officials and Businessmen in Late Qing Dynasty), in She Hui Ke Xue Zhan Xian (Social Science Front), No. 2, 1990.

  45. 45.

    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 2), p. 836.

  46. 46.

    Qing Mo Chou Bei Li Xian Dang An Shi Liao (The Historical Files for the Preparation of Constitutionalism during Late Qing Dynasty) (Book 1), pp. 52–53.

  47. 47.

    “Wu Shang Fa Zhi Bi Hai” (Disadvantages without Commercial Law), Zhong Hua Quan Guo Shang Hui Lian He Gong Bao (Joint Declaration of the Chamber of Commerce of China), No. 1, in the 1st year.

  48. 48.

    “Zhong Guo Xin Wen” (China News) in Nong Gong Shang Bao (News on Agriculture, Industry and Commerce), No. 9.

  49. 49.

    “Shang Fa Te Hui Di Yi Ri Ji Shi” (The Record of the First Day of the Meeting of Commercial Law) in Shen Bao (Shanghai News), November 20, 1907.

  50. 50.

    See footnote 49.

  51. 51.

    The first article in “Shang Fa Diao Cha An” (Investigation of Commercial Law) in “Shang Fa Zong Ze Diao Cha An Li You Shu” (Reasons for the Investigation of the Case of the General Rules of Commercial Law), Min You Publishing House, 1914.

  52. 52.

    The first, second, and third article in “Shang Fa Diao Cha An” (Investigation of Commercial Law) in “Gong Si Lv Diao Cha An Li You Shu” (Reasons for the Investigation of the Case of the Company Law), Min You Publishing House.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing, China

    Prof. Jinfan Zhang

Authors
  1. Prof. Jinfan Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jinfan Zhang .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Zhang, J. (2020). The Commercial Legislation: From Restriction to Protection. In: The History of Chinese Legal Civilization. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1032-3_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1032-3_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-1030-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-1032-3

  • eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation