Abstract
This chapter describes the morphology, distribution, wood anatomy, and variations of agarwood resin contents and resin content of Gyrinops walla endemic to Sri Lanka. We revealed for the first time, this species, which populates the lower elevations of the wet zone of Sri Lanka in 2012. More importantly, the recently identified species possesses agarwood-producing ability, similar to other species in the Thymelaeaceae family. Before this scientific discovery, G. walla was considered a least valuable species due to the very low stem density. Not much is known about this forgotten species; we intend to unleash its full potential as a new economic commodity to this country.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Chen HQ, Wei JH, Yang JS, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Gao ZH, Gong B. Chemical constituents of agarwood originating from the endemic genus Aquilaria plants. Chem Biodiv. 2012;9:236–50.
Dassanayake MD, Fosberg FR. Flora of Sri Lanka, vol. 2. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Company; 1981.
Dharmadasa R, Siriwardana A, Samarasinghe K, Adhihetty P. Standardization of Gyrinops walla Gaertn. (Thymalaeaceae): newly discovered, fragrant industrial potential, endemic plant from Sri Lanka. World J Agric Res. 2013;1:101–3.
Espinoza EO, Lancaster CA, Kreitals NM, Hata M, Cody RB, Blanchette RA. Distinguishing wild from cultivated agarwood (Aquilaria spp.) using direct analysis in real time and time of‐flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2014;28:281–9.
Gunatilleke IAUN, Punchi-Manage R, Fernando RHSS, Gunatilleke CVS. Spatial distribution and characteristics of Gyrinops walla Gaertn (Thymalaeaceae) In Sri Lanka. Proceedings of 18th international forestry and environment symposium, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka; 2014.
Hou D. Thymelaeaceae. In: Van Steenis CGGJ, editor. Flora Malesiana series I, vol. 6. Netherlands: Wolters-Noordhoff Publishing; 1960. p. 1–48.
Ishihara M, Tsuneya T. Components of the volatile concentrate of agarwood. J Essen Oil Res. 1993;5:283–9.
Ishihara M, Tsuneya T, Shiga M, Uneyama K. Three sesquiterpenes from agarwood. Phytochemistry. 1991a;30:563–6.
Ishihara M, Tsuneya T, Uneyama K. Guaiane sesquiterpenes from agarwood. Phytochemistry. 1991b;30:3343–7.
Ishihara M, Tsuneya T, Uneyama K. Fragrant sesquiterpenes from agarwood. Phytochemistry. 1993;33:1147–55.
Jayaweera DMA. Medicinal plants (indigenous and exotic) used in Ceylon: part V. The National Foundation of Sri Lanka; 1982.
Jiao L, Yin Y, Cheng Y, Jiang X. DNA barcoding for identification of the endangered species Aquilaria sinensis: comparison of data from heated or aged wood samples. Holzforschung. 2014;68(4):487–94.
Lancaster C, Espinoza E. Evaluating agarwood products for 2(2‐phenylethyl) chromones using direct analysis in real time time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2012;26:2649–56.
Maheshwari ML, Jain TC, Bates RB, Bhattacharyya SC. Structure and absolute configuration of alpha-agarofuran, beta-agarofuran and dihydroagarofuran. Tetrahedron. 1963;19:1079–90.
Mohamed R, Wong MT, Halis R. Microscopic observation of ‘gaharu’ wood from Aquilaria malaccensis. Pertanika J Technol Sci. 2013;36(1):43–50.
Naef R. The volatile and semi‐volatile constituents of agarwood, the infected heartwood of Aquilaria species: a review. Flavour Fragrance J. 2011;26:73–87.
Nakanishi T, Yamagata E, Yoneda K, Miura I. Jinkohol, a prezizane sesquiterpene alcohol from agarwood. Phytochemistry. 1981;20:1597–9.
Nor Azah MA, Chang YS, Mailina J, Abu Said A, Abd Amjid JSHS, Nor Hasinida H, Nik Yasmin Y. Comparison of chemical profiles of selected gaharu oils from Peninsular Malaysia. Malays J Anal Sci. 2008;12:338–40.
Schun Y, Cordell GA. Studies in the Thymelaeaceae III. Constituents of Gyrinops walla. J Nat Prod. 1985;48:684–5.
Schun Y, Cordell GA, Cox PJ, Howie RA. Wallenone, a C32 triterpenoid from the leaves of Gyrinops walla. Phytochemistry. 1986;25:753–5.
Subasinghe SMCUP. Aromatic oils: The neglected resource to strengthen the national economy. Vidya. 2015;17(2):3–4.
Subasinghe SMCUP, Hettiarachchi D. Agarwood resin production and resin quality of Gyrinops walla Gaertn. Int J Agric Sci. 2013;3:357–62.
Subasinghe SMCUP, Hettiarachchi DS, Rathnamalala E. Agarwood-type resin from Gyrinops walla Gaertn: a new discovery. J Trop Forest Environ. 2012;2(2):43–8.
Varma KR, Maheshwari ML, Bahattacharyya SC. The constituents of agarospirol, a sesquiterpenoid with a new skeleton. Tetrahedron. 1965;21:115–38.
Welivita I, Subasinghe SMCUP. Estimation of above ground biomass of trees at Yagirala Forest Reserve. Proceedings of the 26th Annual Sessions of the Institute of Biology, Sri Lanka; 2006.
Wetwitayaklung P, Thavanapong N, Charoenteeraboon J. Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of essential oil and extracts of heartwood of Aquilaria crassna obtained from water distillation and supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction. Silpakorn University Sci Technol J. 2009;3:25–33.
Xu Y, Zhang Z, Wang M, Wei J, Chen H, Gao Z, Sui C, Luo H, Zhang X, Yang Y. Identification of genes related to agarwood formation: transcriptome analysis of healthy and wounded tissues of Aquilaria sinensis. BMC Genomics. 2013;14:227.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Subasinghe, S.M.C.U.P., Hettiarachchi, D.S. (2016). Gyrinops walla: The Recently Discovered Agarwood-Producing Species in Sri Lanka. In: MOHAMED, R. (eds) Agarwood. Tropical Forestry. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0833-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0833-7_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-0832-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-0833-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)